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The study attempts to answer the following question: Does human impact contribute to changes recorded in the Ner river ice regime? In replying to this question, data on water consumption in Lodz (Łódź) (a city in central Poland) in 1951-2017 were used, as well as observations of ice cover and all ice phenomena for the same period. The ice regime and water temperature of the river have changed over the past 70 years. The changes result not only from changes caused by global warming but also from additional fluctuations in this temperature as determined by changes in the quantity and quality of wastewater discharged into the river from the Lodz city agglomeration. The frequency of ice phenomena in the river decreased, and their duration dropped by almost half. This tendency was compounded by a decrease in number of days with ice phenomena, which in turn was caused by a rapid increase in the amount of waste and thermally polluted waters supplied from Lodz. The river water temperature has now stopped increasing. The course of the river ice regime now resembles that of a natural watercourse again.
Turyzm
|
2015
|
vol. 25
|
issue 1
77-84
EN
The aim of the paper is to present selected ice phenomena occurring on the waters of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea which may be of tourism value. On the basis of his own observations and research over the period 2002-11, the author analysed interesting ice phenomena documented in 20 photographs showing in the main ice forms (grease ice ridges, ice hummocks, thrust ice). The photographs present the sea (8), lagoons (7) and lakes (5). The author has included brief descriptions of selected ice phenomena, focusing on interesting forms and their origins, which may encourage potential tourists to observe and explore icecovered water bodies. Ice tourism could be a part of cognitive, environmental, specialist, hiking, winter, seasonal or even occasional tourism.
EN
The article synthesises the results from observations of ice phenomena on Warta River in Uniejów in years 1947−2012. From beginning of 1980s average time, in yearly perspective, in which the river was frozen was over two months, with ice cover appearing almost annualy. The years in which the river was frozen the longest are were 1947, 1954−1955, 1962−1964 and 1979, which coincides with the occurrences of coldest and longest winters in this region of Poland. The research shows however, that the ice phenomena on Warta River in vicinity of Uniejów, are determined not only by climate factors, but also, in a great extent, by Jeziorsko Reservoir, from the very beginning of its utilization. Construction of this reservoir, completed in 1986, resulted in a decrease of the duration of ice occurrences by nearly three times, and the complete freezing of the river became a rare phenomenon.
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