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EN
The geographical location within the Kashubian region is of particular significance for the symbolic role of mountains and hills in the regional identity building. The most important of them, described in the literature and journalistic writings, are to be found in the current Kashubian lan­guage area, mostly in its geographical centre, primarily in Kashubian Switzerland and Kashubian Lake District. The exception is Rowokół, which is not located centrally. This mountain symbolically marks the border of the area in which the Kashubian language is used and which was settled by the Kashubians in the modern period. It even symbolises a retreat of the language as well as the decline of the Slovincian language. However, it is this particular mountain which since the 19th century has been associated with relatively new content mixed with older religious and folk tradition. The mountains and hills appearing in the Kashubian literature in 1880–1930 probably never existed only for themselves and in themselves. They were always part of a broader picture of Kashubia. The contribution offers a typology of four groups of symbolic relevant hills and mountains, accordingly to their function in the Kashubian discourse and tradition: 1. abstract imagination of a “hilly landscape” as typical for the Kashubian country; 2. groups of hills with similar names and connected to similar folklore or literary traditions; 3. unique mountains with special significance for the all-Kashubian discourse; 4. hills as Kashubian places of pilgrimage.
Zoon Politikon
|
2021
|
issue 12
133-187
EN
Modernity have any impact on military identity. It was proved that traditions of historical military formations serve as a factor that facilitates building identity of modern Special Forces soldiers. Referring to historical traditions gives them a sense of “nobility” and strengthen their “military backbone”. Tradition, however, should not be perceived with regard to history only. It’s possible to build identity effectively basing on values such as elitism or a community of extreme experiences. Invented tradition, which precipitates and facilitates building identity of the group, can also play a key role. The Individual In-depth Interview technique was used to examine seven soldiers of different generations. They served in the army during World War II, afterwards (over the communist period) and contemporarily. The last ones are experts with extensive combat and command experience. Concurrently, Polish Special Forces were characterized through the prism of identity building and their history, inherited traditions, origin of the name and symbols were described.
PL
Tradycje wojskowych formacji historycznych nadal służą jako czynnik ułatwiający budowanie tożsamości współczesnych żołnierzy. Tradycji nie należy jednak odnosić wyłącznie do historii. Można bez niej skutecznie budować tożsamość, opierając się na wartościach takich, jak elitarność czy wspólnota ekstremalnych przeżyć. Kluczową rolę może odgrywać także tradycja wytworzona, która przyspiesza i ułatwia budowę tożsamości grupy. Metodą indywidualnego wywiadu pogłębionego przebadano siedmiu żołnierzy: z okresu II wojny światowej, PRL-u oraz współczesnych (ekspertów z dużym doświadczeniem bojowym i dowódczym). Jednocześnie, przez pryzmat budowy tożsamości, dokonano charakterystyki polskich oddziałów specjalnych, opisano ich historię, dziedziczone tradycje, przeznaczenie, imię, pochodzenie nazwy, symbolikę.
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