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EN
Freedom of conscience and religion also applies to confl icts in the workplace. In the Federal Republic of Germany and the U.S. legislation and the jurisprudence have developed certain standards of conduct in such cases. In the German system, the issue of conscience in the workplace is governed by the principle of pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be kept) enshrined in the Civil Code (BGB). In the United States the freedom of conscience and religion is guaranteed by the provisions of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act l964. In such cases, the duty of the employer is to examine the confl icting interests of employer and employee, and to consider whether the resulting confl ict can be resolved without harm to the company. Such confl icts usually occur when the time of work coincides with e.g. the time of prayer or religious holidays of the employee. In such a situation, the employer is obliged to examine and change the workplace organization, so as to enable the employee to carry out his/her obligations under religious law. Only when it is impossible to reconcile the confl icting interests of the employee and the employer, that the interest of the employer prevails over the interest of the employee. In Germany and the United States courts in their judgments have developed precise rules for the interpretation of freedom of conscience and religion under labour law, having regard to the rights of the employee and the employer’s interest. These judgments have become the benchmark for resolving disputes arising out of violations of freedom of conscience, religion or belief, and may also affect the legislation of other countries.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia specyficzną sytuację chrześcijańskich nauczycieli pracujących w szkołach w północnych Czechach. Region ten podlegał przymusowej sekularyzacji w czasach reżimu komunistycznego, a chrześcijanie stali się marginalną grupą społeczną. Po upadku komunizmu nauczyciele są związani oficjalnymi ramami obiektywnej nauki, ideologicznej neutralności i pluralizmu opinii. Z jednej strony wymienione wyżej wartości są zagwarantowane w systemie edukacji w Czechach. Z drugiej strony chrześcijańscy nauczyciele są związani w swoim sumieniu wymogami kościelnej ortodoksji, która częściowo opiera się na przednowoczesnych zasadach dogmatycznych.
EN
This article presents the specific situation of Christian teachers working in schools in North Bohemia. This region underwent forced secularization during the communist period and Christians became a marginal social group. Since the fall of communism, teachers have been bound by the official framework of objective science, ideological neutrality, and pluralism of opinion. The aforementioned values have been incorporated into the curriculum of the educational system in the Czech Republic. On the other hand, Christian teachers are bound in their conscience by requirements of ecclesiastical orthodoxy, which is partly based on pre-modern dogmatic positions.
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