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EN
In the sixth century, a series of natural disasters struck the Eastern Roman Empire, the most serious of which was the plague that raged from 541 to 542. The contemporary consensus is that Justinian's reign brought a fundamental cultural transformation and, according to Misha Meier's (2016) research, the plague marked a significant caesura in the transition from late antiquity to the Byzantine Middle Ages. The article is based on the assumption that the catastrophic events were a trigger for the transformation of the therapeutic piety, the development of which was conditioned by the ability to project the unreal. The purpose of the paper was to analyse counterfactual projections in rituals created as a response to the disasters besetting in the age of the Emperor Justinian. The author proposes to treat these religious formulas as visualised forms of counterfactual thinking based on the integration of cause and effect, according to the theory of conceptual blending. The article concludes that in case of the 6th century, counterfactual thinking enabled the transformation and development of early mediaeval culture and may have reduced the stress associated with the catastrophic events that affected the society of the Byzantine Empire.
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EN
Deletion has become part and parcel of the modern arts. A case in point is erasing Robert Rauschenberg’s drawing by Willem de Kooning. Erasing did not merely boil down to an act of destruction but became a symbol of openness to the new. Taking such a perspective towards the avant-garde experience of art, it can be assumed that Kazimierz Malewicz had a similar goal with the black square with the white background. This is also an example of the deletion of a traditional understanding of art in order to prepare for a new expe-rience of art. These experiences undermine the signficance of visibility itself and lead straight to an openness towards tactility.
PL
Wymazywanie wpisało się w doświadczenie sztuki nowoczesnej. Dobitnym tego przykładem może być wygumkowany przez Roberta Rauschenberga rysunek Willema de Kooninga. Wymazanie nie sprowadzało się w tym przypadku jedynie do aktu destrukcji, ale stawało się symbolicznym otwarciem na to, co nowe. Patrząc z podobnej perspektywy na awangardowe doświadczenia sztuki, przyjąć można, że podobny cel realizował Kazimierz Malewicz w czarnym kwadracie na białym tle. Tu także wytarty zostaje tradycyjny sposób pojmowania sztuki przedstawiającej po to, żeby otworzyć się na nowe doświadczenia sztuki. Doświadczenia te podawały wszakże w wątpliwość rangę samej widzialności. Stąd już prowadziła prosta droga do otwarcia się na taktylność.
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