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Miasto węgierskie w tureckiej powieści Viktora Horvátha

100%

Pálfalvi L.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

2015

vol. 59(4 (451))

123-129

For 150 years in the 16th–17th century the central part of Hungary remained under the Turkish occupation. According to the Hungarian historiography, the results of this occupation were tragic. National ideology interpreted the fight against the Turks as the Hungarian and European mission. The history of the city of Pécs proves something else. By changing its religious and cultural identity, it became a regional trade centre of the northern periphery of the Turkish Empire, and entered the so-called Ottoman golden age. Some characters, like Bektashi dervishes, developed specific religious and cultural syncretism. Viktor Horváth abandons patriotic patterns in his debut novel; he shows the city of Pécs as part of the Ottoman Empire from the point of view of the Muslim narrator. He constructs the narrative on history and cultural identity of this city, which considerably differs from the national narrative.

O używaniu i nadużywaniu historii. Polityka historyczna i kultury pamięci w Europie Środkowo- i Południowo-Wschodniej (1791–1989)

51%

Patrice M. D., Troebst S.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

2015

issue 1(25)

15-61

Uses and Abuses of the Past. The Politics of History and Cultures of Remembrance in East-Central and Southeastern Europe (1791 to 1989) The ‘long’ 19th century and the wars of the ‘short’ 20th century decisively shaped the cultures of remembrance of the national societies and nation-states of East-Central and Southeastern Europe. The national liberation movements, the wars of 1912/14–1918, the founding of new states in 1918–19, the turn to authoritarian rule in the late 1920s and the war years of 1939/41–1944/45 continue to shape – together with the legacy of communism and medieval myths – the collective memory of contemporary Poles, Hungarians, Slovaks, Czechs, Romanians, Bulgarians, Albanians, Serbs, Macedonians, Croats and others. If Oskar Halecki and Jenő Szűcs have identified a historical meso-region of a ‘wider’ East-Central Europe characterized by common structural features, one can also identify a post-imperial and post-communist ‘community of memory’ between Plžen and Poltava, Tallinn and Thessaloniki. This shaping of the past in people’ s minds has taken place in a threefold manner. First, the individual memory of quite a number of people who had experienced World War II, the interwar period and even the ‘three’ Balkans Wars is still alive. These memories differ substantially depending on ethnicity, political affiliation back then, and on present-day political needs. Those hunted during the Second World War record rather different memories than those who participated in ethnic cleansing, for example. There have been floods of memoirs written about the recent past throughout the region. Second, in these until rather recently non-literate but ‘oral’ societies family memory continues to play an important role – a role that was strengthened considerably under the decades of communism when memories not compatible with the official master narrative were suppressed. And third – and perhaps most importantly – the post-1989/91 governments’ uses and abuses of the past are primarily an iteration of the ‘politics of history’ propagated by governments of the interwar period and earlier.

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1 Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

1 Przegląd Humanistyczny

1 Patrice M. D.

1 Pálfalvi L.

1 Troebst S.

2 2015

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Miasto węgierskie w tureckiej powieści Viktora Horvátha

O używaniu i nadużywaniu historii. Polityka historyczna i kultury pamięci w Europie Środkowo- i Południowo-Wschodniej (1791–1989)