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EN
This study is devoted to the analysis of Slovak restructuring law limited to the interpretation of § 124 sec. 6 ZoKR. The provisions of Slovak law in relation to claims reported but not recognized in the restructuring proceedings allow creditors to bring legal action against the debtor, under the so-called incidental action. The effects of the court’s decision issued after conducting such proceedings are set out in § 124 sec. 6 ZoKR. The content of the study presents arguments for the thesis that the term “ne mozno voci dlznikovi vymahat”, as used in § 124 para. 6 ZoKR, carries a substantive effect of the expiry of the claim, but as a result of the court’s recognition of the case in an incidental proceedings by virtue of the general procedural rules, it appears – the state of res judicata. From the provision of § 124 para. 6 ZoKR it should be concluded that by the end of the incidental process, the state of lis pendes is updated.
EN
This study is devoted to the analysis of Slovak restructuring law limited to the interpretation of § 120 sec. 1 ZoKR, which introduces a very interesting legal structure. It is not permissible to recover from the debtor – after initiation of Slovak restructuring proceedings –claims arising before the initiation of the proceedings in the other way than in restructuring proceedings. Upon completing the restructuring proceedings and approving the restructuring plan, the regulations preclude the pursuit of claims from the debtor by those creditors who did not submit their claims in the restructuring proceedings, because the debtor’s obligation becomes incomplete. Used in § 120 sec. 1 ZoKR, the term “disappearing” means the material effect of the expiry of the claim. The situation described in § 120 para. 1 ZoKR, however, has no res iudicata qualities. The expiry of the inactive creditor’s claim under § 120 sec. 1 ZoKR does not mean the inadmissibility of conducting civil proceedings in general (it is not an absolute, negative procedural premise).
EN
When adjudicating in the course of incidental proceedings, the court is often faced with the task of choosing the form of the decision that should be taken in the factual state. Provided for in Art. 15, para. 1 CC discontinuation of the proceedings may take place, inter alia, due to “another reason excluding enforcement proceedings.” As a rule, these are procedural obstacles that prevent substantive examination of the case. There is no doubt that the above institution should be used with great caution. The study presents the premises, principles and procedural problems related to the discontinuation of incidental proceedings, in an attempt to define the boundaries and the mode of application of this institution.
PL
Orzekając w toku postępowań incydentalnych sąd wielokrotnie staje przed zadaniem wyboru formy decyzji, jaka powinna być podjęta w zaistniałym stanie faktycznym. Przewidziane w art. 15 § 1 k.k.w. umorzenie postępowania może nastąpić m.in. z uwagi na „inną przyczynę wyłączającą postępowanie wykonawcze”. Co do zasady chodzi tu o przeszkody procesowe, które uniemożliwiają merytoryczne rozpoznanie sprawy. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że powyższa instytucja winna być stosowana z dużą rozwagą. W opracowaniu przedstawiono przesłanki, zasady oraz problemy procesowe związane z umarzaniem postępowań incydentalnych, podejmując próbę zakreślenia granic oraz trybu zastosowania tej instytucji. Słowa kluczowe: inna przyczyna, postępowanie wykonawcze, postępowanie incydentalne.
Ius Novum
|
2019
|
vol. 13
|
issue 4
PL
W glosie autor zaaprobował tezę wyrażoną w postanowieniu SN z dnia 24 stycznia 2018 r., II KK 10/18, zgodnie z którą ramy postępowania jurysdykcyjnego są określone przez zdarzenie historyczne opisane w akcie oskarżenia, a nie przez poszczególne elementy tego opisu. Czas popełnienia czynu jest jednym z elementów strony przedmiotowej przestępstwa. Podlega on ustaleniu przez sąd i może być określony inaczej niż w opisie czynu zarzuconego w akcie oskarżenia, jeśli dowody przeprowadzone na rozprawie taką zmianę uzasadniają. Samo ustalenie, że zdarzenia objęte oskarżeniem nastąpiły w innym czasie niż przyjęto w akcie oskarżenia, jest dopuszczalne i nie świadczy wcale o wyjściu poza granice skargi oskarżyciela. Dokonując analizy praktyki orzeczniczej Sądu Najwyższego i sądów apelacyjnych, w glosie wskazano na dodatkowe elementy opisu czynu, które nie stanowią wyjścia poza granice oskarżenia. Poruszono także problematykę obowiązku pouczenia stron obecnych na rozprawie o możliwości zmiany kwalifikacji prawnej czynu (art. 399 k.p.k.) oraz tzw. postepowania wpadkowego w kontekście tożsamości czynu zarzucanego w akcie oskarżenia i przypisanego w wyroku.
EN
The author of the gloss approves of the thesis expressed in the Supreme Court ruling of 24 January 2018, II KK 10/18, in accordance with which the framework of the jurisdictional proceedings are determined by a historical event described in the indictment and not by particular elements of this description. The time of an act commission is one of the elements of the subjective aspect of an offence. It is subject to determination by a court and may be specified in a different way from that in the description of an act alleged in the indictment, provided that the evidence taken at a trial justifies such a change. The sole finding that the event covered by the indictment took place at the time different from that specified in it is admissible and does not mean going beyond the limits of a prosecutor’s complaint. Having analysed the Supreme Court and appellate courts’ adjudication practice, the author highlights additional elements of an act description that do not lead to going beyond the limits of an indictment. The gloss also covers the issue of the obligation to inform the parties present at a trial about the possibility of changing the legal classification of an act (Article 399 CPC) and the so-called incidental proceedings in the context of the identity of the act alleged in the indictment and the one attributed in the sentence.
EN
According to the Corrections Code, execution of penalty or penal measure is subject to fulfillment of corrective and preventive goals. Since the 18th century, progressive tendencies regarding imprisonment indicated the need to corrective influence — motivating the perpetrator to exhibit socially-acceptable behavior in order to prevent his relapse into crime. The system of execution of deprivation of liberty (imprisonment) is called a system of slow progression, which means that the penalty can be modified in case of progress in social adaptation or lack of such. The modification process is related to many procedures during execution of penalty. Based on diverse character of such procedures, one can classify them as incidental or autonomous, the latter leading to modification of penalty, e.g. external or internal, permanent, episodic, conditional or unconditional and others, all of which optimize the possibility of fulfillment of the primary goal of the penalty, that is preventing of relapse into crime.
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