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Pre-mayoral Career and Incumbency of Local Leaders in Post-Communist Countries: Evidence from Lithuania and Slovenia

100%
Kukovič S., Lazauskienė A.
Political Preferences
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2018
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issue 18
5-22
EN
Political careers emerge when individuals develop patterns of mobility between offices in the political realm. These patterns provide useful clues about the expected activity of an individual leader. Patterns of political tenure can be revealing because individuals who aspire to long-term service seem more committed to the autonomy of their institutions, as well as more active and effective within them. The mayoral career is created in a continuous process of mayoral position implementation where a unique combination of ambition and opportunity intertwine. A political career is therefore necessarily associated with time and defined by two key points: the starting point and the termination point of mayoral function. Between them, the mayoral career takes place. The article focuses on the career development and mayoral incumbency in post-communist countries such as Lithuania and Slovenia. Authors particularly focus on the direct mayoral elections conducted in Lithuania for the first time in 2015 and introduced in Slovenia already in 1994. Career of local leaders was analysed in terms of pre-mayoral career, where authors discovered that the largest share of mayors were municipal council members. Both countries had a relatively high proportion of political newcomers. In Lithuania, the first direct elections finally also enabled the elections of non-partisan candidates, a trend seen in Slovenia since 1994.
2
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Incumbency in Multi-level Political Systems and Recruitment Advantage: The Case of the Czech Regional Assemblies

100%
Bernard J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2016
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vol. 52
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issue 3
267-291
EN
The article addresses the differential recruitment advantages of individual candidates in regional assembly elections. The authors argue that in a multi-level polity different types of incumbency exist that are reflected in the recruitment process, favour officeholders over newcomers, and at the same time differentiate the accessibility of regional offices for officeholders at various system levels. Moreover, it is argued that the effect of multi-level incumbency can be well observed even in proportional electoral systems. Empirically, the impact of incumbency on a candidate’s chances to succeed in the recruitment process and to obtain preferential votes is analysed using regional assembly elections in the Czech Republic as an example. The authors demonstrate that regional incumbents enjoy by a huge margin advantage during the candidate nomination phase and they are the most favoured group at the ballot followed by national-level politicians and big city mayors.
3
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Individuální charakteristiky kandidátů ve volbách do zastupitelstev obcí a jejich vliv na volební výsledky

86%
Bernard J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2012
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vol. 48
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issue 4
613–640
EN
The article discusses the role of the personal characteristics of candidates in municipal elections as important factors infl uencing the candidates’ election success. Voters lacking suffi cient or relevant information about the candidates and their political preferences can use knowledge of the candidates’ personal characteristics as specifi c cues or shortcuts in their choice. On the other hand, the candidates’ personal characteristics are the private resources they can use to infl uence the chance to getting elected. The article uses a logistic regression to analyse the impact of candidates’ personal characteristics on their electoral success in Czech municipal elections. A list of all candidates in the elections was used, including information about their sociodemographic and political characteristics and their election results. First examined is how a candidate’s ranking on the list of candidates can depend on his or her personal characteristics. Second, how a candidate’s election success can depend on his or her position on the list of candidates and on his or her personal characteristics is analysed. The list of candidates for the 2010 elections was combined with lists of candidates for several previous elections in order to investigate the infl uence of incumbency. The results suggest that incumbency is the dominant independent factor explaining the election success of individual candidates, yet other characteristics, such as sex, education, age or membership in political parties are important as well. In small municipalities, the situation differs in some aspects from that in cities.
4
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Retaksacja beneficjów kościelnych diecezji krakowskiej w 1529 roku

58%
Wilk S.
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
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1971
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vol. 22
302-305
EN
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