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EN
The brain researchers persuade that school in its present form does not support natural process of learning and it is not the place where the individual development of every student is enabled. A lot of scientists claim that school ought to be re-invented again but at first we need to know why we send children to school, what they are going to learn there, what we want them to be prepared for. Do we want to prepare children to be creative and innovatively thinking creators or maybe we prefer supporting and awarding those students who are able to follow well-known patterns? Applying individualization in the didactic process is one of the conditions of effective teaching. This individualization is closely connected to varied education. This article presents conclusions based on the observations of integrated lessons of primary education in grade 1 and grade 3.
PL
Naukowcy, którzy badają mózg, twierdzą, że szkoła w swojej obecnej formie nie wspiera naturalnych procesów uczenia się. Uważają też, że współczesna szkoła nie jest miejscem, które umożliwia indywidualny rozwój uczniów. Wielu badaczy utrzymuje, że szkoła powinna być stworzona od nowa. Żeby znaleźć najlepsze rozwiązania, należy najpierw odpowiedzieć na kilka pytań, m.in.: Dlaczego posyłamy dzieci do szkoły? Czego się tam nauczą? Do czego chcemy je przygotować? Czy chcemy, żeby dzieci były kreatywne i umiały myśleć w sposób innowacyjny, czy też wolimy wspierać i nagradzać uczniów, którzy są w stanie przyswajać wiedzę prezentowaną według utartego modelu? Żeby kształcenie dzieci stało się bardziej efektywne, należy wprowadzić indywidualizację kształcenia, która jest ściśle związana z nauczaniem zróżnicowanym. Wnioski zaprezentowane w niniejszym artykule są oparte na obserwacjach pracy szkolnej dzieci uczęszczających do klas I i III szkoły podstawowej.
EN
The organisation of the work system in the dalton plan is based on the three main rules: the study of freedom (responsibility); the study of independence; the study of cooperation. It was described by Helen Purkhaurst, the American teacher, at the beginning of the twentieth century. She introduced her ideas in the book entitled: „Education on the Dalton Plan. According to her assumptions, the Dalton Plan enables to adapt the speed of learning to the real child’s possibilities, it teaches to depend on yourself, developes initiative and indepen-dence both in doing and thinking, inspires to search for the best and the easiest ways of working, it teaches the sense of responsibility for doing the taken exercise, it initiates child to self learn and to compatible education between the teacher and student. The child doing the Dalton education chooses the way of performing, which he or she wants to, he or she can learn alone or in a group, and can adjust the speed of learning to his/her abilities. Helen Purkhaurst thought that in order to start to work with a child, one need to know him/her very well and precisely look at his/her progress in education. That is why the pro-posed by Helen Purkhaurst model of the Dalton education is flexible, it is changed and can be fit according to place and time. It does not marginalize the individual features of a child, but leads them to form and develop. The Dalton Plan and so relies on the individuation of the work with every child. On taking action, rather than appealing to ready, of solutions, for the search and the drawing of inferences already for the youngest years.
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