Search results

1

Political Aspects of Reproduction of Inequalities in the Republic of South Africa

100%

Polus A.

Historia i Polityka

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2020

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issue 32 (39)

PL

The Republic of South Africa has been recently recognized as the world’s “most unequal state in terms of wealth and income distribution”. The Gini coefficient for wealth distribution in South Africa stands at 0.96%, which perfectly reflects the total coefficient of wealth distribution across the globe. The purpose of the article is to answer the question of how inequalities inherited from the apartheid period were even further aggravated after 1994.

2

The economics of disability and the discourse of eliminating inequalities and providing equal opportunities

87%

WLAZŁO M.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

|

2019

|

issue 25

33-53

PL

Marcin Wlazło, The economics of disability and the dis-course of eliminating inequalities and providing equal opportunities. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 25, Poznań 2019. Pp. 33-53. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.25.02 Disability results in certain economic consequences, which are analysed mainly because of the generation of cost. The economic situation of people with disabilities and their families is usually associated with negative effects of neoliberalism, or causing and strengthening social inequality and excluding people unattractive on the market. In this context, the relationship between technological progress, economic growth and diagnostic and therapeutic services are also analysed. The article presents various aspects of the economic discourse focused on disability. The analysis is based on examples that consolidate the traditional image of disability as a factor affecting low economic status, through a description of the market of services and goods for people with disabilities, to examples of economic success achieved by people with disabilities.

3

Women in the Rural Social Structure: Aspects of Social Inequalities

80%

Michalska S.

Polish Sociological Review

|

2020

|

vol. 211

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issue 3

EN

The place of women in the rural social structure in Poland is changing as a result of transformations in the economic, educational, and behavioral spheres of social life. This article takes into account the growing differences in various types of rural communities in Poland. Three localities, each representing a different type of social structure, were studied: the intelligentsia and workers in the Koszalin area; workers in the Myszków area; and farmers in the Lubartów area. Quota samples of 120 households in each area were studied: 360 in all, with 797 individual interviews. The authors compared the social status of men and women, taking into account their level of education, occupational activity, social position, and income and its influence on how women evaluate themselves.

4

The Impact of Inequalities on the Stability of the Global Society

80%

Dorenda-Zaborowicz M.

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

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2011

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vol. 29

60-72

PL

Artykuł porusza zagadnienie wpływu, jaki wywierają globalne nierówności na stabilność społeczeństwa globalnego. Autorka stawia pytanie o przyczyny zaistnienia globalnych nierówności, przedstawia związek między globalizacją a istnieniem globalnych nierówności, a także związki między funkcjonowaniem reguł wolnego rynku a powiększającą się nierównością między Północą a Południem. Autorka sugeruje ponadto pewne rozwiązania problemu.

EN

The article analyses the impact of inequalities on the stability of the global society. The author asks questions concerning the reasons for global inequalities. The link between globalization and global inequalities is presented as well as the connections between the free market rules and the growing gap between the North and the South. Some solutions to the problem are also suggested.

5

Czy w Polsce rośnie akceptacja społeczna dla nierówności płac?

80%

Kumor P.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2011

|

vol. 14

|

issue 1

171-179

EN

In our studies we deal with estimating of the optimal ranges of earnings – the optimal of Gini indexes which are favourable to maximization of the GDP growth in Poland. We suspect that the optimal Gini coefficients expressing the acceptance of the whole of society for earnings inequalities can increase. In the article we formulated a hypothesis on the social habit to increasing disproportions of earnings. We verified the hypothesis on the basis of the model of the economic growth using data from 1970 to 2007. We carried out econometric studies in two stages. In the first stage we estimated the optimal Gini coefficients for short sub-periods being moved increasingly in time. In the second stage, we studied the character of changes of the optimal Gini coefficients. In the studies we proved the hypothesis on the habit of society to increasing disproportions of earnings. The optimal Gini coefficients increase along with the increase of differences in earnings and the increase of the economic level per capita. The growth of the optimal Gini coefficient may be slowed down.

6

Basic income guarantee in the perspective of institutional economics

80%

Pawłowski M.

|

2019

|

vol. 6

|

issue 53

EN

The main problem of this article is the basic income guarantee in the perspective of institutional economics. The author evaluates theoretical literature considering the topic and discusses past empirical research. The predicted and the actual outcomes of the programme are compared and synthesized using the New Institutional Economics framework. Hence the basic income guarantee is presented as a social policy proposition, and also as an institution in the meaning of this branch of economics. Originality of this approach relies on the novel use of institutional tools in the discussion considering the problem, mainly in the context of the empirical and theoretical results’ comparison.

7

(Ne)účast dospělých ve vzdělávání jako výsledek individuálních strategií sociálně zakotvených jednotlivců

70%

Kopecký M.

Studia paedagogica

|

2012

|

issue 1

149-161

CS

Hlavním postupem uplatněným v tomto textu je práce s reprezentativními příklady studií, jež se věnují tématu nerovností v účasti dospělých ve vzdělávání, zejména s ohledem na jejich sociální podmíněnost a dopady. Poukázáno je rovněž na politické, kulturní a psychologické souvislosti důvodů (ne)účasti dospělých ve vzdělávání. Text dospívá k náznakům toho, co by měly zohledňovat veřejné politiky orientované na cíl zvýšení participace dospělých ve vzdělávání. Mimo to jsou zohledněny obecnější příspěvky k úvahám o směřování výzkumu ve společenských vědách.

8

Is there a growing social acceptance of earnings inequalities in Poland?

70%

Kumor P.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

|

2018

|

vol. 21

|

issue 8

79-88

EN

In our studies, we deal with the estimating of the optimal ranges of earnings – the optimal Gini indexes which are favourable to the maximisation of GDP growth in Poland. We suspect that the optimal Gini coefficients expressing the whole of society’s acceptance of earnings inequalities can increase. In the article, we formulated a hypothesis on society’s habituation to increasing earnings disparities. We verified the hypothesis on the basis of the model of economic growth using data from 1970 to 2007. We carried out econometric studies in two stages. In the first stage, we estimated the optimal Gini coefficients for short subsequent sub-periods. In the second stage, we studied the character of changes in the optimal Gini coefficients. In the studies, we proved the hypothesis on society’s habituation to increasing earnings disparities. The optimal Gini coefficients increase along with the increase of differences in earnings and the increase of the economic level per capita. The growth of the optimal Gini coefficients may be slowed down.

9

Péče jako individuální odpovědnost a prohloubení ekonomického znevýhodnění sólo matek v pandemii covid-19

70%

Dudová R.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

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2021

|

vol. 22

|

issue 2

110-138

EN

The Covid-19 pandemic had a particularly severe impact on people in a vulnerable position, such as solo mothers living alone with their children. In this article I use an intersectional approach in order to understand how their different positions in life affected their ability to cope with the crisis situation. I present a longitudinal qualitative study of the situation of solo mothers in the Czech Republic during the Covid-19 crisis, based on repeated interviews with women from three Czech regions. The preliminary findings indicate that a crucial factor in the women’s ability to cope with increased care responsibilities was the kind of job they had before the pandemic hit. Women with higher qualifications and stable jobs faced a decline in income coupled with stress resulting from a conflation of paid work and care. In response, they reduced their professional ambitions. Women who were unemployed or lost their job during the pandemic faced long-term unemployment, and the jobs that they were offered on the labour market were forms of precarious employment. For all of them, irrespective of their work situation, the pandemic deepened their sense of vulnerability, and all of them experienced some form of economic hardship. The lack of any systemic support and the ignoring of the needs of (solo) parents (and children) were accompanied by the individual responsibilisation of the mothers. As a consequence, old inequalities deepened and new ones emerged.

10

Housing uncertainty: socio-economic inequality and forex loans trajectories in the Bosnian housing market

70%

Lofranco Z. T.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2022

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vol. 9

|

issue 1

87-97

EN

This article explores the nexus between the financialisation of housing and socio-economic inequality in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). In this context, since the post-war economic reforms, driven by deindustrialisation, the precarisation of labour, and dependent financialisation, housing loans have become a ‘privilege’ for a restricted group of people with high and stable incomes. Instead, the housing aspirations of Bosnians are generally met with the aid of consumer loans and the ostensibly cheaper FX loans that were introduced in the mid-2000s. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data, this paper highlights the enduring features of the polarised credit market in BiH. It particularly focuses on the period after the 2008 crisis when lending policies were only mildly re-regulated. FX loans never became the object of an ad hoc law to convert them to Bosnian convertible marks. This institutional approach has been unable to challenge the extreme class segmentation of housing finance and is still fostering indebtedness and precarious housing conditions among the lower-income segments of Bosnian society even after the pandemic.

11

Economic Growth, Inequalities and Poverty in Slovakia from 2005 to 2015 (the Analysis of Relations and Contexts at a Regional Level)

70%

Michálek A., Výbošťok J.

European Spatial Research and Policy

|

2018

|

vol. 25

|

issue 1

55-74

EN

Poverty rate is influenced by numerous factors. The determining ones are economic growth and the distribution of its effects. This article is therefore focused on the analysis of these effects and their relationship, as well as their influence on poverty at a regional level (NUTS 3, ‘kraj’). For the analysis of interactions between growth and distribution in correlation to poverty reduction, the Bourguignon model (the Poverty-Growth-Inequality triangle) and the growth incidence curve (GIC) were used. It was found that economic growth positively influences income inequalities as well as decreases the share of population under the poverty threshold in all regions. However, the development differs across regions. Based on the development and tendencies of the gross domestic product (GDP), income distribution and poverty it is obvious that economically strong regions (or their populations) dealt better with poverty during the crisis period.

12

Rovní v příjmech, nerovní v majetku? : Nerovnosti ve vlastnickém bydlení v ČR

70%

Sunega P., Lux M.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

|

2018

|

vol. 54

|

issue 5

749-780

EN

This article focuses on the problem of wealth inequalities as an as yet overlooked axis of social inequalities in the Czech Republic. Wealth inequalities and their development over time are measured here on the basis of the value of the real estate (a flat or house) in which the household lives. The value of household real estate has grown significantly in recent decades in the Czech Republic and Czechs still favour owner-occupied housing over other forms of housing tenure. Households whose parents were also homeowners enjoy an increasingly more evident advantage in acquiring owneroccupied housing themselves. Using selected indicators of income and wealth inequalities, this article shows that in every year observed in this study, wealth inequalities in the form of residential real estate were greater than income inequalities in Czech society. The article also finds that in the observed period lower-income homeowner households recorded lower unrealised yield on the price appreciation of the real estate they live in that higher-income homeowner households did. These findings have significant implications for measuring social inequalities, identifying potential barriers to the entry of new households into the owner-occupied housing segment, and the use of owner-occupied housing as a form of old-age security.

13

Wpływ wykształcenia na rozkład zarobków w Polsce w latach 1988–2013

61%

Domański H.

Ekonomista

|

2018

|

issue 1

7-24

PL

Zależność między poziomem wykształcenia i wysokością zarobków jest ważną cechą stratyfikacji społecznej. Opierając się na danych z ankietowych badań rynku pracy, autor analizuje ewolucję tej zależności w Polsce w okresie 1988–2013 dla różnych kategorii pracowniczych i różnych poziomów wykształcenia (z uwzględnieniem pewnych dodatkowych zmiennych kontrolnych). Wyniki analizy pokazują, że pomimo pewnych fluktuacji zależność między poziomem wykształcenia a zarobkami jest nadal dość silna, a premia płacowa z tytułu wykształcenia pozostaje znaczna. Oznacza to, że rozkład dochodów i stratyfikacja społeczna rozwijają się zgodnie z zasadami funkcjonowania gospodarki rynkowej.

EN

The dependence between education and earnings is an important characteristic of social stratification. Using survey data on labour market the author analyses the evolution of this dependence in Poland in the period of 1988–2013 for different employment categories and various education levels (with some other control variables). The results indicate that, despite some fluctuation, the dependence between education levels and earnings is still quite strong and the wage premium for education remains considerable. This suggests that income distribution and social stratification tend to develop according to the functioning principles of a market economy.

RU

Зависимость между уровнем образования и размером заработной платы является важной чертой социальной стратификации. Опираясь на данные анкетных исследований рынка труда, автор анализирует эволюцию этой зависимости в Польше за период 1988–3013 гг. для разных категорий работников и разных уровней образования (с учетом некоторых дополнительных контрольных переменных). Результаты анализа показывают, что, несмотря на некоторые колебания, зависимость между уровнем образования и заработной платой все еще довольно сильна, а премия в виде более высокой зарплаты благодаря образованию остается значительной. Это означает, что расклад доходов и социальная стратификация развиваются согласно принципам функционирования рыночной экономики.

14

Przestrzenny wymiar nierówności w zakresie konsumpcji

61%

Cyrek M.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

|

2013

|

issue 31

128-145

PL

W opracowaniu analizom poddaje się strukturę wydatków konsumpcyjnych polskich gospo-darstw domowych funkcjonujących w odmiennych układach przestrzennych. Dokonuje się oceny różnic strukturalnych pomiędzy województwami w kontekście spójności terytorialnej zachowań konsumpcyjnych w latach stopniowego ujawniania się skutków globalnego kryzysu. Przeprowa-dzone badania pozwalają zweryfikować tezę o dominacji tendencji dywergencyjnych w okresie 2008–2011. Wśród głównych uwarunkowań występujących dysparytetów wskazuje się na aspekty dochodowo-zatrudnieniowe. Stąd też podkreśla się ujawnianie się współzależności w układzie: nierówności na rynku pracy – nierówności dochodowe – nierówności konsumpcyjne. Zjawiska narastających dysparytetów stanowią ponadto podstawę wniosków o niepowodzeniu dotychcza-sowej polityki spójności i polaryzacyjnym charakterze procesów rozwojowych.

EN

The analysis of structure of consumption expenditures of Polish households functioning within different spatial areas was conducted in the study. There were estimated structural differences between voivodeships in the context of territorial cohesion of consumption behaviour in a period of gradual disclosure of effects of the global crisis. The research allowed to conclude about divergence processes in a period 2008–2011. Income and employment are pointed out among main determinants of the growing disparities. There are stressed relationships between: inequalities on a labour market – income inequalities – consumption inequalities. The growing disparities are also a base to conclude about unsuccessfull cohesion policy and polarized character of the growth processes.

15

Intersekcionální přístup ke zkoumání nezaměstnanosti

61%

Hašková H., Křížková A., Pospíšilová K.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

|

2018

|

vol. 54

|

issue 2

171-197

EN

This article critically evaluates the use of an intergroup intersectional perspective in quantitative research on social inequalities and thereby helps to obtain deeper knowledge of the sources of inequality that impact chances of unemployment in the Czech Republic and contribute to the discussion of the benefits and limitations of using this approach. The advantage offered by the intersectional perspective is illustrated in an analysis of EU-SILC data. The analysis combines an additive and multiplicative (intersectional) approach to research on unemployment in the Czech Republic. An additive model of binary logistic regression is accompanied by binary logistic regression models with interactions. The aim is to identify the factors and the social positions that result from the interaction of these factors that together influence chances of unemployment. The analysis shows that one source of inequality in interaction with other sources can have an entirely different impact on chances of unemployment than individual factors have on their own. An example is the interaction of gender and parenthood, which creates different social positions for different subpopulations. Motherhood, fatherhood, and the absence of the need to care for a young child can generate specific (dis)advantages for women or men also depending on the nature of their employment.

16

O nowym programie badawczym nad nierównościami społeczno-ekonomicznymi

61%

Jabłoński Ł.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

|

2013

|

issue 31

110-127

PL

Artykuł powstał w oparciu o prezentację przedstawioną w dniu 13 grudnia 2012 roku na spo-tkaniu zorganizowanym przez Biuro Promocji Nauki PAN (PolSCA) w Brukseli w ramach cyklu spotkań z ekspertami Komisji Europejskiej. Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. W części pierwszej podjęto próbę ustosunkowania się do pytania o przyczyny wzrostu nierówności społecznych w świecie. Zaprezentowano również poziom i zmiany nierówności w krajach na różnym poziomie rozwoju ekonomicznego. Część druga artykułu zawiera prezentacje założeń zintegrowanego podejścia do badań nie-równości, a także osiągnięcia badawcze zespołu o charakterze teoretycznym i empirycznym.

EN

The article was prepared on a basis of a presentation given on the meeting at the Polish Sci-ence Contact Agency PolSCA of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Brussels on 13th of Decem-ber 2012. The meeting was one of series of thematic, working meetings aimed at preparing for the 7th Framework Programme and promoting research achievements of Polish researchers. Article consists of two major parts. The first part is dedicated to provide an answer to a question about an increase of socio-economic inequality in the world and presenting the level and changes of ine-qualities in countries at various stages of economic development. The second part of the article presents the assumption of integrated approach to research on inequalities by M.G. Woźniak, and theoretical and empirical achievements of the research team.

17

Ograniczenie budżetowych transferów socjalnych a niwelowanie nierówności ekonomicznych

61%

Bartak J.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

|

2013

|

issue 31

146-155

PL

W artykule podjęto tematykę wpływu konsolidacji finansowej budżetu państwa na poziom nierów-ności ekonomicznych. Przedstawiono badania empiryczne sugerujące, że zmiana wydatków publicznych na cele socjalne nie zawsze posiada takie same implikacje dla dysproporcji dochodowych oraz, że po-ziom nierówności zależy od stopnia redystrybucji i skuteczności tych wydatków, od tego, czy skierowane są one na zwalczanie nierówności frustrujących czy aktywizujących. Zaprezentowane zostały także przykłady działań zaproponowanych w raporcie OECD, które zmniejszając dysproporcje ekonomiczne mają także pozytywny wpływ na kondycję finansów publicznych.

EN

The paper describes relationships between fiscal tightening and economic inequalities. It comprises empirical evidences suggesting that the effect of cutting social transfers on inequalities may vary between EU countries and that efficiency of social spending is conditioned to fighting frustrating inequalities, not activating ones. The article presents also examples of government activities that may reduce inequalities and public debt at the same time.

18

Sytuacja kobiet w przedsiębiorstwach zachodniopomorskiego rynku pracy. Raport z badań opinii pracodawców

61%

Czubara T., Kowalewski M., Thurow R.

Opuscula Sociologica

|

2013

|

issue 4(6)

81-92

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących problemu dyskryminacji kobiet na zachodniopomorskim rynku pracy. Analizowane opinie pracodawców na temat pracy kobiet przedstawiono w odniesieniu do wybranych zagadnień dotyczących praktyk polityki równości płci i wyników wskaźnika Gender Index w badanych przedsiębiorstwach. Omawiane badania wskazują na ograniczony dostęp kobiet do ułatwień związanych z pracą, utrudniony dostęp do możliwości poprawy własnej sytuacji na rynku pracy oraz na lekceważenie wpływu czynnika gender przez pracodawców.

EN

This paper presents the results of research on the problem of discrimination against women in the West Pomeranian labor market. Opinions of employers are presented here in relation to specific issues concerning the practice of gender equality policies and Gender Index results in the enterprises under consideration. The research results point to the limited access of women to workrelated facilities, limited access to opportunities to improve their situation in the labor market and disregarding the effects of gender issues by employers.

19

„BIEDA (Z TĄ POLSKĄ)”. PROSTACY I MIESZCZANIE: MODERNIZACYJNA NATURALIZACJA I NORMALIZACJA PERYFERYJNYCH NIERÓWNOŚCI1

61%

Kubiak A.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

|

2017

|

issue 3(15)

95-112 (18)

EN

The paper presents the question of the urban narration in contemporary Poland interpreted as an anachronistic form of the naturalization and normalization of social and symbolic inequalities created after the transformations of 1989. That subject being one of the very import elements of the self-image of local, subordinated elites, while strongly present in journalism, remains also very problematic. Uncertainty over the role and shape of this class in Poland in a historical context was (and still is) fiercely contested. Where important elements of such controversies are its forms, from „lord-ship”, derived from gentry imaginations, through the politics and heritage of emanci-pation in the Polish Peoples’ Republic, and modern serious existential uncertainty associated with the decomposition of the traditional formulas „bourgeois” and „third state”. This paper offers a proposition for the reinterpretation of the contemporary „bourgeois tale” in the context of the „post-communist narration”, which, often seen as seemingly antagonistic, are, as the paper's argument stands, closely connected ele-ments of a modernization strategy reconstructing anachronistic peripheral inequality in new, globalized conditions.

20

Nierówności dochodowe i ubóstwo a spójność społeczna w Unii Europejskiej

61%

Salejko-Szyszczak I., Szczepaniak M.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

|

2018

|

issue 539

164-176

PL

W artykule podjęto tematykę spójności społecznej, definiując ją oraz analizując w świetle nierówności, i ubóstwa jako czynników zagrażających spójności społecznej UE. Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza zróżnicowania nierówności dochodowych i ubóstwa w UE oraz identyfikacja kierunków zmian w ciągu ostatniej dekady w poszczególnych krajach i w całej UE. Planuje się zastosować metodę analizy porównawczej nierówności w poszczególnych krajach członkowskich przy wykorzystaniu danych Eurostatu (EU-SILC). Wnioski z przeprowadzonej analizy wskazują, jak duże znaczenie ma polityka wyrównywania poziomu i jakości życia w ramach polityki spójności UE.

EN

The article addresses the subject of social cohesion by defining and analyzing it in the light of inequality and poverty as factors threatening the social cohesion of the EU. The main goal of the article is to analyze the diversity of income inequalities and poverty in the EU and to identify trends in change over the last decade in particular countries and throughout the EU. It is planned to apply the method of comparative analysis of inequality in member states using Eurostat data (EU-SILC). Conclusions from the conducted analysis indicate the importance of the policy of leveling of quality of life as part of the EU cohesion policy

Refine search results

Political Aspects of Reproduction of Inequalities in the Republic of South Africa

The economics of disability and the discourse of eliminating inequalities and providing equal opportunities

Women in the Rural Social Structure: Aspects of Social Inequalities

The Impact of Inequalities on the Stability of the Global Society

Czy w Polsce rośnie akceptacja społeczna dla nierówności płac?

Basic income guarantee in the perspective of institutional economics

(Ne)účast dospělých ve vzdělávání jako výsledek individuálních strategií sociálně zakotvených jednotlivců

Is there a growing social acceptance of earnings inequalities in Poland?

Péče jako individuální odpovědnost a prohloubení ekonomického znevýhodnění sólo matek v pandemii covid-19

Housing uncertainty: socio-economic inequality and forex loans trajectories in the Bosnian housing market

Economic Growth, Inequalities and Poverty in Slovakia from 2005 to 2015 (the Analysis of Relations and Contexts at a Regional Level)

Rovní v příjmech, nerovní v majetku? : Nerovnosti ve vlastnickém bydlení v ČR

Wpływ wykształcenia na rozkład zarobków w Polsce w latach 1988–2013

Przestrzenny wymiar nierówności w zakresie konsumpcji

Intersekcionální přístup ke zkoumání nezaměstnanosti

O nowym programie badawczym nad nierównościami społeczno-ekonomicznymi