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EN
The main purpose of the article is to describe the information activities and their impact on society during the migration conflict on the Polish-Belarusian border and to systematise the information on this subject. Therefore, the following question was asked: how did information activities affect society during the migration crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border? Research methods from the field of scientific research methodology typical for social sciences were used to analyse the undertaken research problem (the comparative method, the method of content analysis). The article consists of three parts. The introduction presents information activities as an important element of military activities. The second part shows the INFO OPS information capabilities and techniques which allowed the creation of an alternative reality. The last part includes conclusions from the conducted information activities which intoxicated the information environment. The research allowed for identifying information activities which undermined European humanitarianism, showed the incompetence of European institutions, and aroused emotions in society which, in turn, exerted psychological pressure on decision-makers. These information activities threatened the resilience of society because they left people in a dual process of decision-making. In order to counter information threats, awareness of the current situation was built, and their effects were actively neutralized in the information environment.
EN
The background of the problem analysed in the article is Brexit and its mediatization, consisting of an attempt to shape social reality through the media. The UK’s decision to leave the EU was an important issue for Polish migrants in the UK. This community is an important research field because it is one of Europe’s largest and most active. The reason for undertaking the research was the importance of the impact of information on the decisions of individuals and the diverse policies and information activities of Polish and British authorities. The article aims to determine the sources of knowledge about Brexit and to analyse the assessment of information activities carried out by Polish and British authorities in the opinion of Poles living in the United Kingdom. A quantitative sociological study was conducted in September and October 2019 using a survey questionnaire based on a deliberately selected sample of 620 Poles living in London, Oxford and Swindon. These cities differ in terms of social structure, living conditions and standards, and the nature of the work undertaken by migrants from Poland. The procedure of comparing means (ANOVA) is used in the statistical analysis. It was found that Polish information activities were more often negatively assessed than British ones, and that both media and non-media sources of knowledge influenced this assessment.
EN
The goal of this article is the description of didactic design technology for constructing IT-disciplines for future agronomists in professional training. Technology is based on competency approach and training methods of productive-technological activities. Information-technology discipline is a didactic training system of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for designing and creating professional informatics products. IT product is an information object that has a use value and is created according to certain requirements and certain technology using software tools. Didactic design of IT-discipline is a technological teacher’s activity for design, development and implementation in educational process the effective result-oriented didactic training system of the information technology. The process of IT-discipline didactic design consists of three stages: - the stage of setting goals and designing learning content. It includes strategic, conceptual and functional analyses that determine appropriate general targets, scientific basis and content of IT discipline training modules; - the stage of development of IT-discipline’s didactic system. It includes clarifying learning objectives as diagnostic, identifying the organizational and pedagogical features of learning discipline, coordination of objectives, content, methods, forms and means of training and diagnostics; - stage of didactic analysis and content adjustment of IT discipline. It allows making an examination of educational and university programs of IT-discipline using formal criteria and making, if necessary, corrections or expert conclusions about the quality and efficiency of discipline. Approbation of the technology of didactic design for IT discipline is considered on an example of discipline “Information Technology”, which is taught to students training direction 6.090101 “Agriculture” in Mykolaiv State Agrarian University. Results of approbation technology of didactic constructing of IT disciplines in the educational process of MNAU show that the quality and effectiveness of teaching information technology of the future agronomists are improved, level of their information competence is increased. Further direction of research is formalization and automation of IT competency evaluation of the future agronomy specialists with the help of expert systems.
EN
The experience of different countries concerning the formation of preconditions for the development of the information society has been considered. The consequences of “totalitarian” model during the transition to open democratic civil society and the role of education and educators in this process have been defined on the example of Russia, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The introduction of media education on the example of the U.S. and Canada as development of society and civilized economy has been substantiated. Didactic information space (DIS) - a unique educational technology, which was elaborated by scientists in the Mykolaiv College of Press and Television - has been characterized. It has proven to be the most efficient technology in the former Soviet Union that considers civic, social, educational direction, taking into account the information society. It has been determined that for further research it will be interesting to study interrelation between the need to obtain simultaneously a huge amount of experience - understanding European values, the next stage of human development (transition from industrial to information), the acquisition of democratic thinking, understanding of civil society - and the public acquisition of media literacy skills through the widespread introduction of media education. There exists the need of simultaneous acquisition of knowledge and skills that makes the process complicated. In addition, none of the considered aspects are taught in any school discipline and unfortunately they are submitted only in several universities of Ukraine. But there is a positive experimental experience of Mykolaiv College of Press and Television through the interrelation of classroom and extracurricular activities.
PL
W niniejszej pracy do szacowania kosztów działań informacyjnych nabywców na rynkach nieruchomości wykorzystano metodę TDABC. Zastosowanie tej metody umożliwia pomiar różnic, wynikających z różnych wariantów przebiegu działań w ramach procesu nabycia praw do nieruchomości, wyrażonych za pomocą czasu oraz kosztów. Do przedstawienia i analizy działań informacyjnych nabywców wykorzystano algorytm w postaci schematu blokowego. W algorytmie ujęto charakterystykę zmiennych (tzw. nośników działań) oraz opisy podstawowych działań informacyjnych realizowanych przez nabywcę. Opisy działań wzbogacono o zmienne mające bezpośredni wpływ na czas ich realizacji, a także średnie czasy ich realizacji, których wartości oszacowano na podstawie badań eksperymentalnych oraz ankietowych. Istotnym elementem niniejszego opracowania jest sformułowanie równania czasowego dla dowolnego przebiegu procesu wynikającego z realizowanych czynności prowadzących do nabycia praw do nieruchomości.
EN
In this study, to estimate the costs of information activities for buyers on real estate markets the TDABC method was used. The application of this method enables the measurement of the differences resulting from different variants of the course of action in the process of acquiring rights to the property, expressed by means of time and cost. In order to visualise the information activities of buyers, an algorithm in the form of a flowchart was used. The algorithm includes the characteristics of variables (so-called medium activities) and the descriptions of basic information activities carried out by the buyer. The descriptions of the activities were expanded to include variables which have a direct impact on the time of their implementation, as well as the average time of their implementation, the values of which were estimated on the basis of experimental studies and surveys. An important element of this study is to formulate an equation of time for any process resulting from ongoing activities leading to the acquisition of rights to the property
EN
The subject of information activities carried out by the Russian Federation was taken up as a result of the dynamic changes taking place in the security environment. Research methods from the field of scientific research methodology typical for social sciences were used to implement the undertaken research problem. The comparative method was used to juxtapose narratives. The method of content analysis included the analysis of the source material obtained from the information environment. The introduction presents information on the essence of information activities as an element of military activities. The next section of the article presents information activities that enabled the achievement of political goals both in Russia itself and on the international arena. The conclusions indicate those activities that diversified the recipients. The result of the conducted research was the identification of those information activities that allowed the Russian Federation to impose its arguments on the Russian society and in the global competition of superpowers.
PL
Podjęcie tematyki działań informacyjnych prowadzonych przez Federację Rosyjską wynikało z dynamicznych zmian zachodzących w środowisku bezpieczeństwa. Przy omówieniu tego problemu wykorzystano metody badawcze typowe dla nauk społecznych: metodę porównawczą przy zestawieniu narracji oraz metodę analizy treści obejmującą badanie materiału źródłowego pozyskanego ze środowiska informacyjnego. We wprowadzeniu przedstawiono istotę działań informacyjnych jako element prowadzonych przedsięwzięć militarnych. W kolejnej części zaprezentowano rosyjskie działania informacyjne, które umożliwiły osiągnięcie celów politycznych zarówno w samej Federacji Rosyjskiej, jak i na arenie międzynarodowej. We wnioskach wskazano te działania, które różnicowały odbiorców. Efektem przeprowadzonych badań było zidentyfikowanie rodzajów aktywności informacyjnej podejmowanej przez władze Rosji, które przyczyniły się do narzucenia swoich racji rosyjskiemu społeczeństwu oraz w globalnej rywalizacji mocarstw.
PL
Podjęcie tematyki działań informacyjnych prowadzonych przez Federację Rosyjską wynikało z dynamicznych zmian zachodzących w środowisku bezpieczeństwa. Przy omówieniu tego problemu wykorzystano metody badawcze typowe dla nauk społecznych: metodę porównawczą przy zestawieniu narracji oraz metodę analizy treści obejmującą badanie materiału źródłowego pozyskanego ze środowiska informacyjnego. We wprowadzeniu przedstawiono istotę działań informacyjnych jako element prowadzonych przedsięwzięć militarnych. W kolejnej części zaprezentowano rosyjskie działania informacyjne, które umożliwiły osiągnięcie celów politycznych zarówno w samej Federacji Rosyjskiej, jak i na arenie międzynarodowej. We wnioskach wskazano te działania, które różnicowały odbiorców. Efektem przeprowadzonych badań było zidentyfikowanie rodzajów aktywności informacyjnej podejmowanej przez władze Rosji, które przyczyniły się do narzucenia swoich racji rosyjskiemu społeczeństwu oraz w globalnej rywalizacji mocarstw.
EN
The subject of information activities carried out by the Russian Federation was taken up as a result of the dynamic changes taking place in the security environment. Research methods from the field of scientific research methodology typical for social sciences were used to implement the undertaken research problem. The comparative method was used to juxtapose narratives. The method of content analysis included the analysis of the source material obtained from the information environment. The introduction presents information on the essence of information activities as an element of military activities. The next section of the article presents information activities that enabled the achievement of political goals both in Russia itself and on the international arena. The conclusions indicate those activities that diversified the recipients. The result of the conducted research was the identification of those information activities that allowed the Russian Federation to impose its arguments on the Russian society and in the global competition of superpowers.
PL
W niniejszym artykule podjęto się próby przedstawienia możliwych scenariuszy na Morzu Bałtyckim jako efektu działań hybrydowych. Współcześnie prezentowane w literaturze przedmiotu przykłady działania Federacji Rosyjskiej, szczególnie w aspekcie aneksji Krymu utrwalają przekonanie o skuteczności takich działań. Najczęściej przedstawia się, że są to działania skryte, wieloznaczne, a przez to powodujące trudność interpretacji co do czynu agresora. Dlatego rządy państw stoją przed wyzwaniem zachowania dotychczasowego status quo i wspólnie starają się wypracować skuteczne narzędzia do przeciwdziałania takim zagrożeniom. Podkreślenia wymaga, iż determinacja państw w osiąganiu swoich celów narodowych powoduje, że wykorzystują one narzędzia z obszarów politycznych, ekonomicznych i informacyjnych jako tańszą alternatywę dla instrumentów militarnych. Ponadto należy podkreślić, że w aspekcie Morza Bałtyckiego nadmierna eksploatacja zasobów ożywionych i nieożywionych powoduje jego ciągłą degradację. Dlatego w celu utrzymania ładu międzynarodowego na tym akwenie państwa i organizacje międzynarodowe wydają różnego rodzaju przepisy prawa i regulacje, które mają zabezpieczyć ich interesy oraz zapobiegać dalszej degradacji środowiska naturalnego. Z uwagi na ich niedoskonałość podlegają one ciągłej weryfikacji i aktualizacji, a w skrajnym przypadku mogą stanowić przedmiot sporu międzynarodowego.
EN
The aim of this article is to present possible scenarios in the Baltic Sea as a result of hybrid activities. Present in the literature on the subject, hybrid threats of the Russian Federation, especially in terms of the annexation of Crimea, are considered to be effective tools to achieve strategic goals. Most of these threats are presented as ambiguous, thus causing difficulties in interpretation as to the act of violence and agresion. Therefore, in the present, for governments, the challenge is to maintain the status quo and to develop effective tools to counteract such threats. It needs to be emphasized that the determination of states in achieving their national goals causes them to use tools from the political, economic and information fields as a cheaper alternative to military instruments. In addition, it should be underlined that in the Baltic Sea, excessive exploitation of living and nonliving resources causes its continuous degradation. Therefore, to keep international order in the Baltic Sea, states and international organizations introduce different types of laws and regulations to protect their interests and prevent further degradation of the natural environment. Due to their imperfection, they are subject to constant verification and updating, and in specific situations can be cases of an international dispute.
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