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EN
The issue of access to information and documents concerning the functioning of European Union institutions is extensive and complex. It encompasses all activities to promote or pro- vide citizens with information on the operation of European Union institutions, and in particu- lar the access to European Union materials, which is regulated by numerous separate provisions. The most important ones involve the principles behind the publishing of EU mate- rials and legal regulations on access to documents that have not been published and those sent to the archives. Consequently, there are separate regulations on information policy and the right to access documents. The author counterpoints the legal foundations for access to EU documents with the practical execution of this right and fulfillment of the provisions of EU in- formation policy.
EN
This article presents reflections on the assumptions, goals and tools used by the district authorities of Podkarpackie Province in their external information policy. The authors have tried to answer the following questions: whether the counties maintain conscious relations with the media, what these relations look like, and also whether the journalists are interested in the issues of self-government (according to local authori-ties). Moreover, the intensity of the use of selected communication tools – standard and non-standard – has been described. The article has also aimed to determine what tools of external communication will be used by the counties in the future. The conclusions presented in the article were based on the results of a survey conducted by the authors with the heads of Podkarpackie counties in the first half of 2012.
EN
This article is a summary of the information policy of the Polish government in matters related to the European Union in the years 1989–2014. It analyses the initial situation and the development of this policy, both before and after Poland’s accession to the European Union. It examines the bodies responsible for information activity, differences in information policy between the pre-accession and post-accession periods, objectives of the policy, its effi ciency, and its cooperation with the European Commission. It also examines the way Poland prepared information to introduce the euro.
EN
Information policy is an instrument of governance in the modern administration, which enables the achievement of public and strategic objectives. First stem of forming this policy would be considering the public information as a strategic resource, owned not only the local authorities, but mainly the local community. The scope of information policy should be compliant to the main purpose of the development strategy of local government units. Conscious of information policy is the foundation of the smooth and effective functioning of such units. In the longer term may signifi cantly increase the development potential of individuals and thus improve the quality of life of local communities.
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyze the information policy of selected central offices on the Internet. In the first part of the article the author defines the nature of information policy. Then the author intends to verify the following thesis: the central offices do not conduct a sufficiently effective information policy. This is due to the lack of systematic action, improper preparation of the content of the messages and the inability to cater to the needs of people with disabilities. The author answers the following research questions: whether the actions taken by the audited offices are in line with a specified strategy or just perform ad hoc actions; whether the information provided is written in intelligible, understandable language and if it is accessible to people with disabilities. Particular attention will be given to the content available on the Internet, in particular on the websites of central offices.
EN
The presented article concerns the information policy conducted by the local authorities of the City of Katowice during the implementation and execution of the program for families called „Nas Troje i więcej” (“The Three of Us and More”). The program has been approached in terms of case study in the field of internal communication in the commune understood as a process of exchanging information and dialog of the commune entities (stakeholders). The study covered the years 2011–2016, and their objective was to analyse selected tools of social communication in terms of function of medium, its content, type of communication (one or two-sided) and the capacity of communication channels. The study took into account both obligatory and optional instruments.
EN
In Roman Catholic Church diocese in Rzeszów in December 2012 and January 2013 research was conducted, the main purpose of which was to define how information policy among priests and parishioners looks. During the research it was diagnosed what is meant by the definition of information policy between Church and parishioners. The research has also shown what kind of tools are used in order to communicate with parishioners and if these tools are efficient. The report presents the main communication barriers and what makes this communication more difficult as well. There were 81 respondents, who came from 81 different parishes within the diocese.
EN
In 2013, Ukraine’s geopolitical choice was in the centre of attention of the whole world, began to take a significant part of the information space. For the authorities of the neighbouring states, it is important to know what is happening in Ukraine and, if possible, influence on situation. After the Revolution of Dignity, the annexation of the Crimea by the Russian Federation and the initiation armed conflict in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, Ukrainian society must understand the political stance of Russia towards Ukraine. Also no less important is the position of the Republic of Poland regarding Ukraine, since it was this state until recently was considered the main advocate of Ukraine in the European Union. Information component of the foreign policy of the states in the XXI century has a decisive influence on the formation of public opinion, the position of international institutions, international relations, the image of society and the state in the world. The purpose of this article is to find out the goals of the information policy of the presidents of Russia and Poland concerning Ukraine in the period 2014–2017. The article shows: the essence of the concept of «information policy»; the existing characteristics of the information policy of Russia and Poland concerning Ukraine; the positions of the presidents of Russia and Poland concerning Ukraine, which were published on their official sites; similarities and differences in the positions of the Russian and Polish presidents toward to Ukraine. Having analyzed the public statements of the presidents of Russia and Poland concerning Ukraine in 2014–2017, the author finds some similarities and differences. For example, the Russian president, as a rule, tell about Ukraine and Russia’s role in issues related to Ukraine, while Polish presidents usually speak about Poland and Ukraine, focusing on Polish-Ukrainian relations. The Russian authorities, in the person of its president, divide Ukraine into power and people (the power is bad, the people need help). For the Polish authorities, at least until recently, in the official speeches of the presidents it was about Ukraine as a single whole (the people and the power that this people elected). In addition to the geopolitical interest of Russia and Poland to Ukraine, Russian authorities often tell about their economic interests in Ukraine; Poland authorities – about security issues (the dependence of the security of Poland and Europe as a whole on the situation in Ukraine). Russian authorities call the Ukrainian nationalists guilty of worsening Russian-Ukrainian relations. The Polish authorities also lately actualized the discussion of the activities of Ukrainian nationalists in the first half of the twentieth century. This issue has recently been the basis of modern PolishUkrainian relations. The comparison of the theoretical definitions of the concept of «information policy», which was presented at the beginning of the report and the practical aspects elucidated in the process of analyzing the public statements of the presidents of the two states in 2014–2017, gives possibility to formulate another conclusion. The information policy of the Polish president is more in line with the definition – the promulgation of the official position of the president of the state, informing the society of the goals and plans of activity, and attempts to obtain public support. Instead, the information policy of the Russian president, or rather the information geopolitics, is more oriented towards the use of technologies of information and psychological influence on the individual and mass consciousness in order to form the necessary public opinion, behaviours that will meet the goals defined by the authorities.
EN
The active phase of hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation which was started from the illegal annexation of Crimea and occupation of the several regions of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts in 2014 has been accompanied by massive information and disinformation campaigns against Ukraine launched by the aggressor. They were accompanied by spreading fakes, deepfakes, propaganda messages, and manipulations.
EN
The paper presents the contemporary information policy implemented by the Ukrainian government. The survey answers the question about the new role of information policy in the state authorities’ activities. The research focuses on the executive branch of power, due to its impact on the internal and external image of Ukraine. The analysis was conducted at the strategic, institutional and operational levels, and concerned the content of messages.
EN
The advancement of information technology makes societies increasingly vulnerable to disinformation and manipulation. A skillfully conducted disinformation campaign may weaken the state’s potential and make it vulnerable to external influences. The article presents an outline of the possibilities of influencing mass behavior. An attempt will also be made to answer the question of whether the combination of knowledge in the field of neurobiology, mathematics, sociology, and other sciences combined with the use of artificial intelligence and big data allows for the development of a new type of cybernetic weapons influencing the subconscious.
PL
O przewadze konkurencyjnej regionu, poza posiadanymi zasobami naturalnymi, w dużym stopniu mogą zadecydować jakość i kompetencje władz lokalnych i regionalnych. Aby w pełni wykorzystać potencjał regionu, niezbędne jest ich zaangażowanie i aktywność m.in. w zakresie prowadzenia prawidłowej polityki informacyjnej. Znajduje to swoje potwierdzenie w badaniach ogólnopolskich, w których 67% ankietowanych uznało, iż stworzenie systemu informacyjnego pozwalającego na podejmowanie szybkich i trafnych decyzji jest czynnikiem decydującym o skuteczności zarządzania firmą. Warto zatem zastanowić się, jak przedsiębiorstwa województwa zachodniopomorskiego postrzegają rolę i działalność władz lokalnych na tym polu. Samorządy bowiem odgrywają szczególną rolę wśród dostawców informacji gospodarczych, należąc do grupy takich podmiotów, które w ramach istniejącego układu prawnego i administracyjnego powinny aktywnie kształtować warunki rozwoju działających na ich terenie firm. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań dotyczące oceny polityki informacyjnej prowadzonej przez samorządy terytorialne województwa zachodniopomorskiego.
EN
Competitive advantage of a region, beside its natural resources, is determined to a large extent by the quality and competence of local and regional authorities. In order to benefit from region's full potential, it is essential to involve the authorities into efficient information policy. It is reflected by the results of a Poland-wide research, where 67% of respondents perceived that it was the creation of an information system enabling fast and accurate decision-making that was the key factor determining efficient management of a company. It is therefore important to analyse how the Western Pomeranian companies see the role and activities of local authorities in this aspect. Local governments play a unique part in information delivery as they represent a group of entities which should actively affect development conditions for companies in the region, within existing legal and administrative system. The paper presents results of the research on information policy in local governments in Western Pomerania.
EN
The purpose of the article is to establish and research the features of space state information policy, which requires the following research tasks to be revealed: to determine the place and role of information policy in the structure of state policy and to establish the dependence of the state's information policy on the development of the space industry and to determine the features of the information policy of the USA as a space state. The USA forms its information policy based on knowledge of the use of advanced technologies, including information technologies, in the space industry. Knowing about the threats of their use, the state warns the population by regulating information activities. Therefore, the information policy of a space state is more developed than that of non-space states. An analysis of the relationship between the state of information policy and the state of the US space industry indicates that the development of one area aects the other. Therefore, in order to implement an eective information policy, both areas should be developed.
EN
The research covers the early years of Ukraine’s and Poland’s cooperation in their bilateral relations in the context of building up security policies between the NATO and the CSTO in 1991–1994. Various information influences from state and non-state actors, internal and external, made it so the processes of the search for security guarantees ended up quite different between the two neighboring countries. Covering sources and literature that provide evidence for influences from sources such as the Kremlin, the non-lustrated “old guard” former Communist party functionaries in Ukraine, and the former opposition in Poland, the research shows how the two countries’ relations with the NATO differed, and why, though both countries joined the Partnership for Peace program at roughly the same time, Poland managed to start active Euro-Atlantic integration much earlier than Ukraine did. Using sources such as the text of the treaties, the establishing documents and legislature guidebooks of organization, public writings of diplomats and former policy makers, the research shows what exactly were the risks that the NATO assessed in the joining of former Eastern Bloc countries (with the unstated reasons for the small number of contacts of those countries with NATO in the 1991–1994 relevant to the West’s suspicion of post-Soviet intelligence and military), and which points of the first Ukraine-NATO proved “too much” for the former. Furthermore, Ukraine’s early success with the number of NATO exercises it partook in during the first years of the Partnership for Peace became an example to other Eastern Europe countries seeking better relations with NATO and defense sector reforms, including the Republic of Poland. The paper also highlights the tendencies of cooperation between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland in the context of NATO enlargement and the various aspects of Atlantic integration. The most important among them was cooperation in security and defense, both bilateral and within the framework of the NATO Partnership for Peace Program.
EN
The article presents conclusions obtained as a result of the analysis of media messages of the Ministry of Information Policy of Ukraine, the documents prepared by the structures connected to the Ukrainian government as well as the publications about the information policy of this country. In the text, there were also presented a number of initiatives of the Ukrainian government that are aimed at regaining control over the information space of Eastern Ukraine. In addition, the main goals and narratives present in the Ukrainian media have been described as a factor which serves to prepare the „base” for the future reintegration of the occupied parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions with the rest of the country.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wnioski z analizy komunikatów medialnych Ministerstwa Polityki Informacyjnej Ukrainy, dokumentów opracowanych przez struktury podległe rządowi Ukrainy, a także publikacji odnoszących się do tematu polityki informacyjnej tego państwa. Przedstawiono również szereg inicjatyw strony ukraińskiej, które mają na celu odzyskanie kontroli nad przestrzenią informacyjną wschodniej Ukrainy. Opisano ponadto główne cele i narracje obecne w ukraińskim przekazie medialnym, mające służyć przygotowywaniu gruntu pod przyszły proces reintegracji okupowanych części obwodu donieckiego i ługańskiego z pozostałym obszarem kraju.
EN
The information policy is one of the elements that significantly affect the image and reception of the activities carried out by local government units. Effective activities in this area allow for effective communication with the local community, and are also a part of the practical implementation of citizens' right to information. According to the research, voivodship self-governments in Poland use various information policy tools in their activities. These are both tools, the operation of which is required by law (Public Information Bulletin), own media of voivodship self-governments, as well as the activities implemented under the "media relations" policy.
PL
Polityka informacyjna jest jednym z elementów, które w istotny sposób wpływają na wizerunek i odbiór działań prowadzonych przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego. Skuteczne działania w tym obszarze pozwalają na efektywne komunikowanie z lokalną społecznością, a także są elementem praktycznej realizacji prawa obywateli do informacji. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, samorządy wojewódzkie w Polsce wykorzystują w swoich działaniach narzędzia polityki informacyjnej o różnym charakterze. Są to zarówno narzędzia, których funkcjonowanie jest wymagane przez przepisy prawa (Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej), media własne samorządów wojewódzkich, jak i działania realizowane w ramach polityki media relations.
EN
The paper objective is to determine the scope of tasks of media relations services which operate in different entities from the area of social and economic life. Selection of the place for location of these services in organizational structures, having the impact on the rank, effectiveness and range of the competences, was also analyzed. The subject of development, meaning and compliance with applicable law of communication procedures prepared to optimize the organization’s contacts with mass media was also taken up.
PL
Celem autora artykułu jest ustalenie zakresu zadań służb media relations funkcjonujących w różnorodnych podmiotach ze sfery życia społecznego i gospodarczego. Analizie podlegał też dobór miejsca ich ulokowania w strukturach organizacyjnych, co wpływa na rangę, sprawność działania i zakres kompetencji. Podjęto również temat opracowywania, znaczenia oraz zgodności z obowiązującym prawem procedur komunikacyjnych przygotowywanych w celu optymalizacji kontaktów organizacji ze środkami masowego przekazu.
PL
Prawne i instytucjonalne podstawy polityki informacyjnej Unii Europejskiej Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie regulacji prawnych wyznaczających ramy polityki informacyjnej UE pod koniec XX i na początku XXI w., a także określenie podmiotów ją realizujących. Analiza ma za zadanie uzyskanie odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze: jak definiowana jest polityka informacyjna, w tym polityka informacyjna UE? jakie regulacje prawne wyznaczają ramy polityki informacyjnej UE i jak się ona rozwijała? które z podmiotów są odpowiedzialne za kreację tej polityki?; jakie kanały i narzędzia uznano za odpowiednie dla jej realizacji? Udzielenie odpowiedzi na te pytania umożliwi weryfikację hipotezy zakładającej, że polityka informacyjna UE w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu XX w. i na początku XXI w. prowadzona jest w oparciu o strategię określoną w aktach prawnych, a w kolejnych regulacjach zwiększyła się liczba wskazywanych celów, katalog uprawnionych do realizacji polityki podmiotów, a także wykorzystywanych kanałów i narzędzi. Na potrzeby tak zdefiniowanych pytań i hipotezy posłużono się jako metodami badań: metodą historyczną, analizą instytucjonalno-prawną i analizą dokumentów.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the legal regulations that have determined the framework of the European Union’s information policy at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. The article will also present the entities which implement this policy. The analysis intends to find answers to the following questions: how can we define information policy, and further, the information policy of the European Union? which legal regulations determine the framework of the EU information policy and how did the policy develop? which entities stand behind the policy? what methods and tools were deemed useful for implementing the policy? Finding the answers to these questions will allow us to validate the hypothesis that the realisation of the European Union’s information policy in the last decade of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century is based on a strategy defined in legal acts and that the number of objectives, methods and tools, and the entities authorised to implement the policy has been growing in the succeeding regulations.In order to answer the questions defined in such way and for the sake of the hypothesis, the following methodologies were applied: historical method, legal and institutional analysis, and document analysis.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań, których celem była analiza medialnego wizerunku polskiej administracji rządowej. Materiał badawczy stanowią artykuły prasowe opublikowane w Gazecie Wyborczej i Rzeczpospolitej w pierwszym kwartale 2011 r., które opisywały i komentowały bieżącą działalność rządowej części sektora publicznego. Rozważania autora koncentrują się na tym, w jaki sposób i w jakich okolicznościach wizerunek administracji publicznej jest potwierdzany, modyfikowany i kształtowany przez ogólnopolską prasę w procesach medialnej komunikacji z czytelnikami/obywatelami. W tym celu autor dokonał przeglądu prasowych enuncjacji dotyczących aktywności i funkcjonowania dwóch wybranych ministerstw oraz dwóch urzędów centralnych, wskazując na podstawowe tendencje w zakresie form medialnego wizerunku sektora publicznego. Artykuł stanowi zredagowany fragment pracy dyplomowej napisanej dla Małopolskiej Szkoły Administracji Publicznej (MSAP) w 2011 r. w ramach studiów podyplomowych na kierunku "Zarządzanie w administracji publicznej", w której autor naukowemu oglądowi poddał również obecność samorządu terytorialnego na medialnej mapie polskiej administracji publicznej, a także przeanalizował znaczenie wpływu historycznych, społecznych oraz kulturowych kontekstów i uwarunkowań na aktualny wizerunek polskiego sektora publicznego.
EN
The article is presenting findings, of which analysis of the media image of the Polish government administration was a purpose. Published articles constitute the research material found in "Gazeta Wyborcza" and "Rzeczpospolita" in the first quarter of 2011 which contents described and commented the current activity of the government's part of the public sector. The author's deliberations are concentrating on in what way and what circumstances the image of the civil service is confirmed, modified and shaped through the prism of the all−Polish press in processes of the media communication with readers/citizens. For that purpose the author checked the press enunciations concerning the activity and functioning of two chosen ministries and of two central offices, pointing at essential tendencies in forms of the media image of the public sector. The article is the edited excerpt of the postgraduation work of management in the civil service written for MSAP in 2011, in which the author also subjected the presence of the local self−government at the media map of the polish public administration and also analysed meaning of the influence of historical, social and cultural contexts and conditioning on the current image of the Polish public sector.
PL
Prawo do informacji i stopień poinformowania obywateli o działalności władz publicznych ma duże znaczenie dla jakości życia publicznego. W artykule poddano analizie wyniki badań dotyczące sposobu prowadzenia polityki informacyjnej przez samorządy wojewódzkie w Polsce. Skoncentrowano się w nich na podejściu przedstawicieli samorządów do polityki informacyjnej, a także wykorzystywanych narzędziach komunikacji, co ma wpływ na poziom poinformowania obywateli o działalności samorządów wojewódzkich.
EN
The right to information and the degree to which citizens are informed about the activities of public authorities is of great importance for the quality of public life. The article analyzes the results of research on the manner of conducting information policy by voivodeship self-governments in Poland. They focus on the approach of self-government representatives to the information policy, as well as the communication tools used, which have an impact on the level of informing citizens about the activities of voivodeship self-government.
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