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It seems that some of the facts of the rich and interesting but also very instructive bio graphy of Amarty Kumar Sen, a modern economist of Indian origin, allow to understand better not only his selection of issues from a wide range of the latest economic problems, which differs from many other economists and to which he has devoted his research works, but also to understand a system of values adopted by him. Het article is therefore an attempt to reach the source of thinking of one of the most interesting contemporary economists. Th e author tries to show the deep roots of his economic and social thoughts, mainly derived from the Hindu philosophy but fi ltered through the Western way of thinking, with many interesting references to the European philosophy. The author also attempts to outline a surprisingly rich area of his interests and to draw attention to a social rank of problems undertaken by him.
EN
The aim of this article is to analyse the political and mnemonic programme to be found in the last books of the British historian and thinker Tony Judt. The author of this article assumes that the final period of Judt’s writing, in which he produced Ill Fares the Land, TheMemory Chalet, and the posthumously published discussion with Timothy Snyder entitled Thinking the Twentieth Century, is dependent on a kind of ‘art of memory’. For Judt, being terminally ill with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and thus condemned to immobility, this method became not so much-as in the case of its classic varieties-a technology of remembering, as a manner of recognizing and analyzing the contemporary world by turning to his own biography. The purpose was to construct a ’political testament’ for the Western world in a time of crisis whose roots, according to Judt, can be found in the supremacy that ‘economic’ thinking has achieved over traditional political thought. In a gesture reminiscent of the Stoic ‘techniques of the self’ described by Michel Foucault, Judt, by exploiting his own no less complicated biography and identity, tries to throw light on the complicated history of the 20th century, containing the sources of ‘our contemporary ills’. Biography and history thus meet here in a ’work of memory’ whose horizon and catalyzer is the perspective of death, and whose stake is the idea of a political community experiencing, according to Judt, a period of inertia.
PL
The article is devoted to the late Zygmunt Bauman (d. January 2017), a scholar who made an enormous impact on world humanities at the turn of the twentieth century. It briefly presents Bauman’s life and a number of the best known concepts from his works. The author first discusses Bauman’s attitude toward Marxist theory and explains his revision of it. He then introduces the main ideas of Bauman work Modernity and the Holocaust. The article ends with a review of Bauman’s reflections on globalisation and a discussion of his thesis concerning the crisis of the nation state.
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