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Zamoyska’s Conception of Work as a Method of Self-Fulfillment

100%
Gondek M. J.
Studia Gilsoniana
|
2021
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vol. 10
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issue 3
667-689
EN
Zamoyska presented reflections unique for the European social thought. She identified with philosophical and religious views considering work as the fundamental manner of fulfilling man’s individual and social life. However, from the standpoint of a practical human life, these ideas lacked an important factor. And namely, showing precisely the way of performing work itself. Thus, work requires employing an appropriate method, which translates directly into the practice of human life. And she did not mean a narrowly conceived method, concerning selected jobs or some kind of man’s professional activities. The suggested method referred to work which every man needs to undertake in order to fulfill his or her life. It concerned work which enables men to fulfill themselves in the most fundamental dimension as humans. This is accomplished by man undertaking systematically three kinds of work throughout their life: physical, intellectual and spiritual. They are interdependent and mutually complementary, this is why none of them may be excluded during human life. Only their parallel continuation ensures man’s harmonious development. The suggested method is universal since it concerns the way of performing work as a factor conditioning the fulfillment of human life. Thereby, her considerations on the method of work bring new meaning into the field of practical philosophy.
2
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Stress at the place of work and cognitive functions among women performing intellectual work during peri- and post-menopausal period

100%
Gujski M., Pinkas J., Juńczyk T., Pawełczak-Barszczowska A., Raczkiewicz D., Owoc A., Bojar I.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2017
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vol. 30
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issue 6
943-961
EN
Objectives The analysis of the relationship between stress at work and results of cognitive functions amongst women, at peri- and post-menopausal age, performing intellectual work. Material and Methods The study group included women, aged 45–66 years old, employed as intellectual workers. Research instruments were: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment; computer tests of the CNS Vital Signs; the Subjective Work Characteristics Questionnaire, and a questionnaire designed by the author. The results were statistically analyzed. Results Nearly a half of respondents experienced high stress at the place of work; 1/3 – on the average level, on a low level – every fifth. The largest number of respondents experienced stress caused by social contacts. Among a half of the women, stress was caused by the lack of awards at work, followed by the lack of support. Slightly fewer of them experienced stress caused by the feeling of psychological load related to the complexity of work or the feeling of uncertainty caused by the organization of work. Every third woman experienced stress due to the sense of responsibility or the lack of control. The smallest number experienced stress caused by physical arduousness, the sense of threat and unpleasant working conditions. The examined women obtained the best results with respect to simple attention, the worst results – with respect to the reaction time. The results concerning the remaining 9 cognitive functions were ranked in the middle of the aforementioned results. The intensity of stress at work and factors which caused this stress, negatively correlated with simple attention of women in the early peri-menopausal period, while positively correlating with the psychomotor and processing speed of women in the late peri-menopausal period. Among the post-menopausal women, negative correlations were observed between the majority of cognitive functions and the intensity of stress at work, and the majority of factors which caused this stress. Conclusions Cognitive functions of the examined women remained within the range of average evaluations, and were correlated with stress-inducing factors at the place of work. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(6):943–961
3

Pewniki i niepewności w rzemiośle intelektualnym: kontekst chrześcijańskiej etyki społecznej

84%
Prüfer P. E.
Społeczeństwo i Rodzina
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2013
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issue 4(37)
21-43
PL
Badacze naukowi prowadzą swoją działalność intelektualną, łącząc oryginalność twórczą z szacunkiem dla dotychczasowego dorobku. Wielu z nich próbuje wiązać opis i analizę z użytecznością społeczną wiedzy naukowej. Etyka społeczna chrześcijańska – określana także jako katolicka nauka społeczna – posiada wypracowaną metodę badawczą, realizowaną w trzech etapach: widzieć, ocenić, działać. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą wykorzystania tej metody w analizie rzemiosła intelektualnego, w odniesieniu do działalności badawczej, zwłaszcza współczesnej. Metoda ta jest także poszerzona o koncepcję wyobraźni socjologicznej, wypracowanej przez klasycznych myślicieli dziedziny, zwłaszcza przez C.W. Millsa. Artykuł zawiera także propozycję autorskiego przesłania intelektualnego, mającego na celu: wyrażenie szacunku dla wszystkich, którzy trudzą się przy uprawianiu nauki, sformułowanie postulatu dla odważnego wyjścia poza własne schematy badawcze. Istotnym elementem postulatu jest zachęta otwarcia się na dbałość o użyteczność społeczną wiedzy naukowej oraz na jej etyczny wymiar.
EN
Scientists run their intellectual activity by combining creative novelty and respect for previous works. Many of them try to connect description and analysis with social utility of scientific knowledge. Christian social ethics – characterised also as catholic social studies – operates an elaborate research method which is conducted in three ways: see, judge, act. This article is an attempt to use this method in analysis of intellectual work in reference to research activity, especially contemporary research activity. This method contains also conception of sociological imagination, defined by classic thinkers of this field, especially by C.W. Mills. The article describes also a suggestion of the author’s intellectual message aiming to show respect for all those who are engaged in dealing with science, to formulate a postulate on courageous broadening own research schemes. The crucial part of the postulate is encouragement to being careful when social utility of scientific knowledge and its ethical character is concerned.
4
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Urzeczowienie, fetyszyzm i praca intelektualna

84%
Świrek K.
Stan Rzeczy
|
2019
|
issue 1(16) Intelektualiści totalni
27-68
PL
Artykuł jest propozycją powrotu do pojęć fetyszyzmu i reifikacji jako klasycznych, ale nadal aktualnych narzędzi krytycznej teorii społeczeństwa. W ramach szeroko pojętej analizy nowoczesności wskazywały one na odwrócenia, w których środek zastępuje cel, a obiektywizujące miary redukują niewspółmierne jakości. W tekście zostają zestawione koncepcje, które można uznać za źródła teorii fetyszyzmu i urzeczowienia, a także ich klasyczne i nowsze sformułowania w pracach Marksa, Lukácsa i Deborda. Wskazane w tytule pojęcia odniesione są do pracy intelektualnej, której rola we współczesnym kapitalizmie jest zarazem centralna i podporządkowana. W końcowej partii tekstu zaproponowane zostaje pojęcie intelektualisty totalnego jako kogoś, kto poprzez roszczenie do krytyki i formę swojej twórczości sprzeciwia się urzeczowieniu pracy intelektualnej i jej redukcji do działalności technicznej i zekonomizowanej.
EN
This paper proposes a return to notions of reification and fetishism as classic but still valid tools of critical social theory. In the broad frame of analysis of modernity, these notions pointed to processes of inversion in which means were substituted for aims, and objectivistic measures were reduced to disproportionate qualities. In this text, several concepts are juxtaposed: both those that can be understood as sources for theories of fetishism and reification, and their classic and more contemporary expositions in the works of Marx, Lukács, and Debord. The author applies the notions of reification and fetishism to intellectual work, which plays a simultaneously central and subordinate role in contemporary capitalism. In the final part of the text he proposes the notion of a total intellectual: the term is meant to describe someone who objects to the reification of intellectual work and its reduction to technical and economic activity.
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