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Metaphors and metaphorical language/s in religion, art and science

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Fritsch-Oppermann S. C.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2020
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vol. 56
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issue 3
31-50
EN
Languages play an essential role in communicating aesthetic, scientific and religious convictions, as well as laws, worldviews and truths. Additionally, metaphors are an essential part of many languages and artistic expressions. In this paper I will first examine the role metaphors play in religion and art. Is there a specific focus on symbolic and metaphoric language in religion and art? Where are the analogies to be found in artistic metaphors and religious ones? How are differences to be described? How do various (philosophical) concepts of aesthetics and theological concepts explain those different kinds of language and how, if at all, do they make use of them? Lastly: what could be added to aesthetics, philosophy and theology by examining carefully the role and importance of language, including nonverbal, sign language and especially metaphorical language? Without the human capacity for language, religions are scarcely imaginable. A widening of traditional exegesis and hermeneutics by taking into account nonverbal semantics is needed. Religion is a cognitive and linguistic phenomenon. By taking this seriously, we set and enable an agenda to discuss religion scientifically, leaving aside for the purpose of a scientific understanding and discourse about the inter-religious and the inner-religious claims of truth and absolutist claims. To sum it up: metaphor is introduced as an important means of language when it comes to religious conceptualization. Next, I will show that art, more than religion, deals with visual metaphor – the latter being an image that suggests a particular association, similarity or analogy between two (or more) generally unconnected visual elements. This often, but not always, functions in a roughly comparable fashion to the better-known concept of verbal metaphor. In addition, visual metaphor has developed many original and unique characteristics. These two sections are followed by another one dealing with (inter)cultural philosophy of religion and aesthetics, as well as the meaning of metaphors for these disciplines. The next section is on metaphor and metaphorical language in mathematics, natural sciences and art and how they are related, i.e. influence and help each other. I will discuss the critical approach to metaphors in natural science and provide a short introduction to the cultural history of mathematics and art. Mathematicians and artists have long been on the quest to understand the physical world they see before them and the abstract objects they know by thought alone. How have art and mathematics helped each other in representing each other’s concepts? A final section provides a summary and an outlook: theology is contextual as is science – and so is art. All these disciplines partly rely upon metaphor and by the help of metaphor get closer to an intercultural and interdisciplinary understanding. I shall argue that, by dealing more carefully with their metaphorical language and their own metaphors, together they become better equipped to map the world. -------------- Received: 20/03/2020. Reviewed: 23/04/2020. Accepted: 15/05/2020
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Między faktem, wyobraźnią i refleksją. Parę uwag o wzajemnych relacjach socjologii i antropologii

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Rancew-Sikora D.
Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej
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2013
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vol. 9
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issue 3
90-107
EN
In the article the author tries to find a path connecting sociology, ethnology, and anthropology as closely interrelated social sciences. She takes into account their fields of exploration and methods of reasoning that imply different role of scientists’ imagination, reflexivity, and the importance of conceptual models versus empirical ob - servations. Also, she points out historical experiences and social processes that have significant influence on pure intellectual argumentations providing some examples from Poland.
PL
W artykule autorka poszukuje dróg łączących i różnicujących socjologię, etnologię i antropologię. W swojej argumentacji bierze pod uwagę tematykę badań, naukową wyobraźnię, autorefleksję i zróżnicowane relacje między pracą teoretyczną i badaniami terenowymi. Wskazuje też na niektóre uwarunkowania historyczne i procesy społeczne, które miały ważny wpływ na czysto intelektualne debaty prowadzone w ramach omawianych dyscyplin, odwołując się między innymi do wybranych przykładów z Polski
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