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EN
The aim of the article is an attempt of presentation the relation between intergenerational justice and the idea of sustainable development. Definitions which are related to Brundtland Report explain sustainable development as development that satisfies needs of present generations without depriving the needs of future generations. So it is clearly defined there is no mean of a short time satisfaction, but rather of a wider context – just distribution of goods and obligations (natural and financial) between generations. Thus the political decisions should concern present problems in such a way that would guaranty material as well as social foundations for further development.
EN
The adverse consequences of an aging society for the stability of health care financing systems are superimposed on the natural inequality of the distribution of health needs, and consequently, expenditure for health services in the life cycle of man. How long, under such conditions, will financial security systems based on the mechanism of PAYG (pay as you go) be able to guarantee all of its citizens, including the oldest ones, broad access to medical care? The debate brought about by D. Callahan in 1987 on “age-based rationing of benefits” for many years focused on trying to find ethical and economic rationale for limiting the scope of benefits guaranteed to the oldest citizens (eg A. illimas, F. Breyer, D. Brock, N. Daniels, P. Dabrock). Age-based benefit rationing from public funds, however, may soon become a reality if we do not manage to break ties, within the public system, with the idea of full socialization of the costs of old age at the expense of future generations. Maintaining fundamental fairness towards the future generations requires an equal sharing of the financial consequences of aging, and this means taking on more responsibility of every individual for himself. A good practice of substitute private health insurance in Germany is the mandatory creation of individual financial reserves for old age which allows avoiding an excessive rise of equivalent risk premium in old age. Another solution for social health insurance might be reserves built by each generation, or a general public reserve. The transition from the purely PAYG system to a more capital one, however, will require the construction of functional solutions for the transitional period in which we have yet to build reserves and fund services for older generations who have not yet built reserves for themselves. An apparent increase of the country’s debt seems therefore inevitable, but also present older generations must be held financially accountable through higher premiums or payments for benefits.
PL
W artykule poruszono zagadnienie zrównoważonego rozwoju. Przedstawiono je z perspektywy sprawiedliwości społecznej. Zasadniczy wątek dotyczy sprawiedliwości międzygeneracyjnej skierowanej na przyszłe pokolenia. Przyjęto założenie o potrzebie uporządkowania dyskusji na temat zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju jako zasady sprawiedliwości społecznej, opierając się o pełną definicję tego pojęcia z raportu komisji Brundtland. Uznano, że część dyskusji to wynik nieporozumienia wynikający z ograniczenia definicji do jednego z dwóch składających się na nią zdań. Dyskusja może być uporządkowana dzięki uwzględnieniu postulatu ograniczenia potrzeb do podstawowych potrzeb ludzi najbiedniejszych oraz postulatu uwzględnienia możliwości technicznych i sposobu organizacji społeczeństwa w danym czasie. Potrzeby te zinterpretowano zgodnie z definicją potrzeb podstawowych J. Rawlsa. Następnie pokazano, że sama zasada sprawiedliwości międzygeneracyjnej nie budzi wątpliwości, jeśli odnosi się ją do przeszłych pokoleń lub do następnych dwóch–trzech pokoleń. W centrum uwagi postawiono zatem zagadnienie słuszności rozciągnięcia tej zasady na wszystkie możliwe przyszłe pokolenia. W celu uzasadnienia tak rozumianej zasady sprawiedliwości międzygeneracyjnej omówiono stanowiska oparte na teorii interesu.
EN
The article treats the topic of sustainable development that is depicted from the perspective of social justice. The keynote concerns intergenerational justice directed towards future generations. It has been assumed that there is a need to set in order the discussion regarding the principle of sustainable development as a principle of social justice basing on the concept from the Brudtland Commission Report. It has been acknowledged that part of the discussion is a result of misunderstanding as the definition was limited to one or two sentences. Furthermore, the discussion might be ordered thanks to the postulate of reducing needs of poorest people to basic ones and taking into account technical possibilities and a way of organizing the society in given time. The needs were interpreted according to Rawls’ basic needs definition. The article further demonstrates that the principle of intergenerational justice itself does not raise doubts if related to past or next two or three generations. Hence, the legitimacy of the extension of this principle to all possible future generations stays in the limelight of the article. In order to substantiate the principle of intergenerational justice the article discusses the positions based on the theory of interest.
EN
This article presents the account of justice presented by Pope Francis in his encyclical Laudato Si'. It also shows the continuity of teaching successive popes in the context of linking social issues and environmental issues; extending the scope of the concept of justice for all creation; and presenting intergenerational character of justice. The study also shows Christian inspiration of eco-justice and compliance of justice approach presented in the encyclical to contemporary ecophilosophical works. It seems that the best term for the papal concept of justice is „integral eco-justice”.
PL
Artykuł ten ukazuje ujęcie sprawiedliwości zaprezentowane przez papieża Franciszka w encyklice Laudato Si'. Zwraca uwagę na ciągłość nauczania kolejnych papieży w kontekście łączenia kwestii społecznej i kwestii środowiskowej, rozszerzenia zakresu przedmiotowego koncepcji sprawiedliwości na całe stworzenie oraz ukazanie międzypokoleniowego wymiaru sprawiedliwości. Opracowanie to ukazuje ponadto chrześcijańskie inspiracje koncepcji ekosprawiedliwości oraz zgodność ujęcia sprawiedliwości przedstawionego w encyklice ze współczesną myślą ekofilozoficzną. Wydaje się, że najlepszym określeniem tej koncepcji jest „integralna ekosprawiedliwość”.
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