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EN
The aim of this presentation is to analyse the development of trilingual oral expository skills in sixteen-year-old Spanish L1, Basque L2 and English L3 students in the framework of a multilingual didactic sequence. The promotion of multilingualism including a minority language such as Basque is a major specificity of the Basque educational system (Cenoz, 2009; Idiazabal et al., 2015), and the Integrated Teaching of Languages (ITL) is highlighted as a relevant approach for multilingual education both in the Basque and European contexts (Gobierno Vasco, 2015; Troncy, 2014). Initial and final oral expository texts produced at the beginning and at the end of a didactic sequence by trilingual students constitute the empirical data of this study. Both texts were addressed to students’ school community as well as to foreign students with the aim of presenting their school. We followed text genre-based criteria in order to analyse students' trilingual productions (Dolz & Schneuwly, 2016). Results show that students did improve their oral expository texts overall, although to different extents: among the aspects that showed a greater improvement, we can name the explicit mention of core elements at the introductory section in Basque, the more consistent use of topic introducers regardless of the language and the more regular use in English of resources to clarify those concepts whose meaning could be difficult to grasp for foreign students. Among those aspects where improvement is notably less, we could mention that students hardly ever addressed the audience in English and thus failed to catch their interest; also, the production of target-deviant past tense verb forms in English remains quite problematic. From the perspective of the ITL, we will conclude that this analysis shows that teaching oral expository skills from an integrated perspective fosters multilingual development, being inter-linguistic discursive transfer a relevant didactic resource (Cummins, 2008).
PL
Upowszechnienie edukacji językowej jest zgodne z europejską strategią Education and Training 2020, zakładającą, że uczniowie powinni opanować język ojczysty i dwa języki nowożytne. Polscy uczniowie po odbyciu 1380 godzin zajęć z języka obcego przewidzianych w podstawie programowej powinni osiągnąć poziom komunikacyjnej samodzielności na oczekiwanym poziomie B1 lub B2. Spośród niezbędnych dla opanowania języka sprawności najintensywniej ćwiczoną jest słownictwo, najsłabiej − pisanie. Czynnikiem ryzyka w efektywnym uczeniu się języków obcych są obniżone zdolności fonologiczne w języku macierzystym oraz międzyjęzykowy transfer błędów i trudności. Badania porównawcze znajomości języków obcych uczniów z różnych krajów europejskich pokazują, że efekty osiągane przez polskich uczniów nie są zadowalające. Natomiast korzyści płynące z uczenia się języków obcych wymagają wybrania metod, które będą przynosiły wymierne efekty w postaci sprawnego posługiwania się innym od ojczystego językiem.
EN
Dissemination of language education is in line with the European strategy Education and Training 2020, which assumes that students should master their mother tongue and two modern languages. Polish students, after completing 1380 hours of foreign language classes provided in the core curriculum, should achieve a level of communication at the expected level B1 or B2. Among the skills necessary to master the language, vocabulary is the one most intensely practiced, while spelling − the least one. Reduced phonological abilities in the native language and interlingual transfer of errors and difficulties constitute risk factors in effective learning of foreign languages. Comparative studies of foreign language students from different European countries show that the results achieved by Polish students are not satisfactory. The benefits of learning foreign languages require one to select methods that will bring tangible results in the form of the efficient use of a language other than the mother tongue.
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