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1

Nakazy sądowe kierowane do pośredników w komunikacji elektronicznej

100%

Gęsicka D. K.

Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

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2015

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vol. 24

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issue 2

443-461

EN

Injunctions addressed to intermediaries are a subject of regulation of articles 11 of the directive 2004/48 and 8 sec. 3 of the directive 2001/29. Provisions of both of the articles allow copyright as well as other intellectual property rights holders to apply for an injunction against intermediaries whose services are used by a third party to infringe an intellectual property right. While introducing proper protective measures, Members States shall ensure that the measures comply with EU law, in particular they remain in accordance with proportionality rule. Instead of clarifying the doubts, the recent ruling of the CJEU in the UPC Telekabel Wien GmbH v Constantin Film Verleih GmbH case on the proportionality of blocking measures such as Austrian Erfolgsverbot has raised even more questions. The Author of the paper addresses, and aims at answering, two significant questions: about proportionality of the ruling and its impact on national legislation of Member States.

2

Portuguese Diplomatic Correspondence and Information Channels during the War of the Spanish Succession

75%

Oliveira de Carvalho J. M.

Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies

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2018

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issue 2

PL

During the War of the Spanish Succession, Portugal joined the Grand Alliance in 1703. It made it involved, from that year on, in the conflict that included most of the major European Powers in a dispute for the Spanish throne, which, ultimately, represented a contest for dominance in Europe. Under these circumstances, several diplomats were in charge of representing Portugal at the main European courts, protecting its interests and communicating regularly with the court of Lisbon.This paper addresses an understudied set of the correspondence written in this period by Francisco de Sousa Pacheco, the Portuguese envoy to The Hague, to João de Almeida Portugal, Portuguese ambassador to the court of Archduke Charles of Habsburg, one of the pretenders to the Spanish throne, in Barcelona. The main objective of this article is to study the information network established in Europe, mainly in the Grand Alliance side, and the different routes letters followed from The Hague to Barcelona, either using the existing postal system or known intermediaries. Letters were not the only means diplomats had to convey information to their addressees. They also sent other sources of information, like periodicals, accounts of events and pieces of information gathered from different sources, including propaganda in its various forms. It also analyses the developments of the war, the structure and evolution of these letters and the struggle of these diplomats with the other states to make sure their commitments to send military and financial support to the troops were fulfilled. He also wrote about the espionage within the various courts, and the interception diplomatic letters suffered from the opposite side.Ultimately, we’ll see the efforts of these ambassadors as a means for Portugal to gain recognition within Europe, although it ended up with an increasing dependency on foreign states support.

3

Efekt Forrestera w międzynarodowym handlu dobrami finalnymi i dobrami pośrednimi

63%

Folfas P.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2016

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vol. 6(84)

PL

Zjawisko polegające na wzmocnieniu reakcji etapów produkcji należących do górnej części łańcucha dostaw na zmiany popytu w jego dolnej części (u nabywców finalnych) nosi nazwę efektu Forrestera. W rezultacie wartości handlu dobrami pośrednimi podczas kryzysu maleją bardziej (odpowiednio: rosną bardziej podczas ożywienia gospodarczego) niż wartości handlu produktami finalnymi. Celem opracowania jest weryfikacja występowania efektu Forrestera w handlu międzynarodowym państw wysoko rozwiniętych w latach 2008-2011. W tych latach w państwach wysoko rozwiniętych wartości eksportu i importu dóbr pośrednich wahały się w większym stopniu (w kategoriach bezwzględnych i względnych) niż wartości eksportu i importu dóbr finalnych i to niezależnie od przyjętej metody mierzenia handlu międzynarodowego (badanie empiryczne zawarte w tym opracowaniu opiera się na dwóch sposobach mierzenia handlu – za pomocą międzynarodowej tablicy przepływów międzygałęziowych oraz nomenklatury BEC). Dowodzi to występowania efektu Forrestera w handlu międzynarodowym oboma rodzajami dóbr w badanym okresie.

EN

Forrester (bullwhip) effect refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer demand as one moves further up the supply chain. As a result, the values of international trade in intermediaries fluctuate more strongly than those of international trade in final goods. This paper is an attempt to confirm the existence of Forrester effect in international trade of developed countries in years 2008-2011. Empirical studies based on statistics from world input-output tables as well as trade statistics according to the BEC nomenclature confirm that in developed economies between 2008 and 2011, the values of international trade in intermediaries fluctuated more strongly than trade in final goods. It proves the existence of Forrester effect in international trade in final goods and intermediaries in this period.

Refine search results

1 Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

1 Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies

1 Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

1 Folfas P.

1 Gęsicka D. K.

1 Oliveira de Carvalho J. M.

1 2018

1 2016

1 2015

Nakazy sądowe kierowane do pośredników w komunikacji elektronicznej

Portuguese Diplomatic Correspondence and Information Channels during the War of the Spanish Succession

Efekt Forrestera w międzynarodowym handlu dobrami finalnymi i dobrami pośrednimi