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Reprezentácia vzťahovej väzby ako prediktor internalizujúcich problémov u detí v strednom detstve

100%

Halamová M., Popelková M.

Psychologie a její kontexty

2015

vol. 6

issue 2

49-63

Problem: The current study examines the relationship between the representation of attachment relationship with mother and internalizing problems in the developmental period of middle childhood. The purpose of the study was to analyze whether the quality of attachment predicts the intensity and seriousness of internalizing problems in middle childhood; and to examine whether the models are gender-specific. Methods: Participants in this study were 151 children aged 9-12 (M = 11.21), 77 boys and 74 girls, recruited from elementary schools in Nitra region. Children completed measures assessing the quality of attachment representation of the relationship with mother (selfreport questionnaire Security Scale), the tendency to react anxiously (self-report questionnaire Childen´s Manifest Anxiety Scale – CMAS), social anxiety (self-report questionnaire Scale of Classical Social Situational Anxiety – KSAT) and depression (self-report questionnaire Children´s Depression Inventory – CDI). Results: Regression analysis indicated that secure attachment representation is a significant negative predictor of children's internalizing problems – manifest anxiety (ß = -.324, p < .001), the total of depression symptoms (ß = -.377, p < .001) and all of the subcategories of depressive symptomathology (ß = -.230, p < .01 for Negative Mood; ß = -.253, p < .01 for Interpersonal Problems; ß = -.316, p < .001 for Inefectiveness; ß = .215, p < .01 for Anhedonia; and ß = -.461, p < .001 for Negative Self Esteem), except for social anxiety (ß = -.035, p = .717). The overall variance explained by attachment security ranged 4.6 to 21.3%. Results suggest that children, who perceive their mother as available and responsive in the situation of distress, are less prone to develop anxiety and depression. Small to middle effect size of the quality of attachment relationship indicates that attachment to mother is only one of the risk factors of internalizing behavior in middle chidlhood. Regression analysis revealed some gender-specific models according to the associations between attachment to mother and internalizing problems in boys and girls. In the sample of boys, negative mood and anhedony was not predicted by attachment to mother (ß = -.176, p > 0.05 and ß = -.194, p > 0.05, respectively), but in the sample of girls, secure attachment representation was a significant negative predictor of both depressive symptoms (ß = -.296, p < .05 for Negative Mood; and ß = -.285, p < .05 for Anhedony). Other models, except for social anxiety, were statistically significant for both samples. In the sample of girls, the predictor accounted for 26.3% of variance in Negative Self Esteem (ß = -.512; p < .001), 18.9% of variance of the total of depression symptoms (ß = -.435; p < .001), 10.9% of variance in Ineffectiveness (ß = -.331; p < .05) and 10.5% of variance in manifest anxiety (ß = -.324; p < .05). The results were similar for the sample of boys. Attachment security accounted for 17.4% of variance in Negative Self Esteem (ß = -.435; p < .001), 11.3% of variance of the total of depression symptoms (ß = -.377; p < .05) and 10.5% of variance in manifest anxiety (ß = -.332; p < .05). Representation of attachment relationship with mother accounted for less then 10% of variance when predicitng Negative Mood, Anhedony and Interpersonal Problems in both samples, and in addition Inefectiveness only in boys. Additional statistical analyses revealed that regression coefficients across models did not differ. Results suggest that mother is still a primary attachment figure in middle childhood for both, boys and girls, but the quality of attachment to father can also be an important factor of particular adaptive behavior, especially in boys. Because of lack of knowledge and empirical evidence, the future research in the field of gender-specific models of adjustment in middle childhood is needed. Discussion: When interpreting the results of this investigation, it is important to be aware of several limitations. The methodics used in the study are all based on the subjective self-report. The character of the assessment can lead to the tendency to react according to the social expectations. In future studies, it would be beneficial to gather reports about the internalizing problems from children as well as from significant others, and to use multiple attachment assessment (e.g. the combination of questionnaires and projective techniques. Conclusion: We can conclude that attachment representation to mother is an important factor of adaptive development in middle childhood. Our results are in concordance with attachment theory and empirical evidence of associations between violated confidence of availability of attachment figure resulting in insecure attachment representation and maladjustment.

Myśli samobójcze a sytuacja rodzinna oraz problemy inter- i eksternalizacyjne u młodzieży w wieku 14–16 lat

72%

Ostaszewski K.

Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka

2018

vol. 17

issue 3

42-62

Samobójstwa dzieci i młodzieży to poważny problem zdrowotny oraz społeczny. Współczesna suicydologia traktuje samobójstwo jako proces lub ciąg zdarzeń, w którym istotną rolę obok planów i prób samobójczych odgrywają myśli samobójcze. Celem badań była ocena zmian w rozpowszechnieniu myśli samobójczych oraz problemów inter- i eksternalizacyjnych u młodzieży między 14 a 16 r.ż., a także badanie związków między czynnikami rodzinnymi, problemami zdrowia psychicznego oraz zachowaniami ryzykownymi a występowaniem myśli samobójczych u nastolatków. Badania miały charakter podłużny. Dwukrotnymi badaniami ankietowymi objęto 747 uczniów gimnazjów z Warszawy (46% stanowili chłopcy). U około 20% nastolatków występowały myśli samobójcze w roku poprzedzającym badanie. Analizy regresji logistycznej wykazały, że wychowywanie w rodzinie niepełnej i niewystarczające wsparcie rodzicielskie mierzone w wieku 14 lat w sposób istotny zwiększały ryzyko występowania myśli samobójczych w wieku 16 lat. Do czynników ryzyka myśli samobójczych należały również nasilone objawy depresji, dystres, złe samopoczucie psychiczne i częste picie alkoholu. Wyniki potwierdzają związek sytuacji rodzinnej z kondycją psychiczną nastolatków, dlatego w profilaktyce samobójstw i rozwiązywaniu innych problemów zdrowia psychicznego młodych ludzi tak ważna jest współpraca szkoły z rodzicami.

Children and adolescents suicides is a serious health and social problem. Modern suicidology treats suicide as a process or sequence of events in which suicidal thoughts, in addition to suicide plans and attempts, play an important role. The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess changes in the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents between 14 and 16 years of age, as well as to study the relationship between family factors, mental health problems and risk behaviors and the occurrence of suicidal ideation in adolescents. he tests were longitudinal. This study was based on the self-report data taken from a two-wave longitudinal study conducted in Warsaw. 747 middle school students (46% boys) were twice surveyed during middle school. Results indicated that about 20% of teenagers had suicidal thoughts during the last year preceding the study. Logistic regression analyzes showed that parenting in an incomplete family and insufficient parental support measured at the age of 14 significantly increased the risk of suicidal thoughts at the age of 16. The risk factors of suicidal thoughts also included symptoms of depression, psychological distress, mental well-being and frequent alcohol use. The results confirm the relationship between the family situation and the mental condition of adolescents. This is why it is so important to cooperate with parents in suicide prevention and in solving other mental health problems of young people.

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1 Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka

1 Psychologie a její kontexty

1 Halamová M.

1 Ostaszewski K.

1 Popelková M.

1 2018

1 2015

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Reprezentácia vzťahovej väzby ako prediktor internalizujúcich problémov u detí v strednom detstve

Myśli samobójcze a sytuacja rodzinna oraz problemy inter- i eksternalizacyjne u młodzieży w wieku 14–16 lat