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EN
Nostra aetate began as an important statement concerning the relations of the Church with the Jews but soon developed into a highly significant text on the relationship of the Church to all the religions of the world. While there been many works on the theology of Nostra aetate, there are few studies that present in detail the major personages and stages, the crucial issues and opposing forces surrounding this prophetic document. This article seeks to address this lacuna.The article also gives special attention to key phrases from paragraph 2 that show an extraordinary shift from millennial attitudes, among which “the Church does not reject what is truly and holy in these religions”.Finally it goes on to show how the wholesale rejection of Nostra aetate by the Society of St Pius X has led to schism.
EN
Issues concerning multiculturalism are broadly discussed in literature, primarily in the context of Western societies, i.e. the influx of immigrants. In this light, certain aspects of traditionally multicultural societies (e.g. with colonial experience) may be found considerably interesting, and form a point of reference for broader analyses. Here, Surinam provides an interesting example due to its extraordinarily heterogeneous ethnic, cultural and religious structure. In such circumstances, one may analyse the main directions of the state’s policy towards varied social groups, as well as the management of intercultural relations. This article aims at presenting the standards of religious freedom in Surinam and the main factors determining the state’s policy towards diverse cultural groups. In the presented paper, special attention is paid to historical, political and cultural determinants. Particular emphasis is put on the legislation regarding intercultural relations and the multicultural mould of society, as well as the practical fulfilment of such provisions (e.g. the religious holidays in the country).
PL
Zagadnienia dotyczące społeczeństw wielokulturowych są szeroko omawiane w literaturze przedmiotu, głównie w odniesieniu do państw zachodnich (tj. napływu imigrantów). Sytuacja społeczeństw o długiej tradycji wielokulturowości (np. ze względu na doświadczenia kolonialne) stanowi szczególnie interesujący przedmiot badań i punkt wyjścia dla szerszych analiz. W tym kontekście, Surinam stanowi szczególnie ciekawy przykład z powodu wyjątkowo heterogenicznej struktury etnicznej, kulturowej i wyznaniowej. W takich warunkach, analizie podlegać może główny kierunek polityki państwa wobec różnorodnych grup społecznych, jak również „zarządzanie” stosunkami między różnymi grupami kulturowymi. W artykule zaprezentowane zostały standardy wolności religijnej oraz determinanty polityki państwa wobec zróżnicowanych kulturowo grup społecznych. Nacisk położony został na prawodawstwo dotyczące stosunków międzykulturowych i wielokulturowego charakteru społeczeństwa, jak również realizacji zapisów prawa w praktyce społeczno-politycznej (m.in. w odniesieniu do świąt państwowych).
PL
This article presents the points of view from which interreligious relations in the Ottoman world have been approached in academic historiography, the frames of interpretation and concepts that have been used, and the critical reassessments and revisions that are currently underway. Conceptions about the position of the non-Muslims and the nature and forms of interreligious relations in the Ottoman Empire have changed perceptively over the last half century. The mosaic world of subjugated nations and self-governed religious communities (millets) that lived parallel and distinct lives gave its place, in the last two decades of the twentieth century, to the plural society of extensive interreligious interaction at individual or communal level. In tandem came the shift from an emphasis on the oppression of the non-Muslims to that on toleration. We are now in a new phase of revision which focuses on the forms, extent and limits of toleration and intercommunal interaction, and pays close attention to change over time.
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