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1

Odpowiedź na uwagi polemiczne dotyczące problematyki intertemporalnej służebności przesyłu

100%
Mularski K.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2016
|
vol. 25
|
issue 1
207-214
EN
The paper, refuting objections formulated in a polemic, upholds fundamental points worded in the previously published article, according to which "easement corresponding to transmission easement" and "transmission easement" have exactly the same meaning. Such easement could not have existed before the date of entry into force of the provisions of the Polish Civil Code constructing this limited right. Since the easement could not have existed before the date of entry into force of the provisions that construct it, it could not have also been acquired either by legal action (in particular by an agreement), or by usucaption. The period of usucaption of such easement runs from the date of entry into force of the provisions constructing the easement, and is reduced — by a maximum of half the time required by the law — in the case in which prior to the entry into force of these provisions there existed a status on the property which after their entry into force would justify the establishment of transmission easement.
2
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W sprawie problemów intertemporalnych związanych z wejściem w życie art. 119a Kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego

100%
Mularski K.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2016
|
issue 2(50)
32-44
EN
The purpose of this article is to provide an exhaustive analysis of selected intertemporal issues arising in connection with the approval and entry into force of Article 119 [1a] of the Polish Family and Guardianship Code (KRO). In particular, its aim is to answer whether a consent for adoption, as specified in former Article 119 KRO, would remain binding after the entry into force of the amendment. Consequently, whether the court in which the adoption process was started under the former provision, would be bound by a consent expressed on its grounds even after the entry into force of the new Article 119 [1a] KRO. It was established that the consent to the adoption, expressed according to Article 119 KRO, would remain valid under the new (current) state of law. Consequently, it is binding on the court hearing the adoption application, even if the proceedings had not been completed before the entry into force of the Article 119 [1a] KRO. This binding aspect, of course, does not impose on the court an obligation to make an adoption order in favour of an entity (entities) named in the declaration of consent made by parents (on the basis of relevant provisions of KRO, the court may recognize, in particular, that it would be contrary to the interests of the child), however, it excludes an adoption order in favour of others. Firstly, this result appears to be completely unambiguous in the light of linguistic interpretation principles. Secondly, the linguistic result is, again unambiguously, confirmed by the system directives as consistent with principle of non-retroactivity (lex retro non agit) which is not only normatively understood but also descriptively recognized.
3

Problematyka intertemporalna służebności przesyłu

88%
Mularski K.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2015
|
vol. 24
|
issue 1
91-152
EN
Transmission easement began to exist as a legal institution with the entry into force of the provisions of the Civil Code which established it. Such easement could not have existed before the date of entry into force of the provisions of the Civil Code constructing this limited right. "Easement that corresponds to transmission easement" could not also have existed, as the terms "transmission easement" and "easement that corresponds to transmission easement" have exactly the same meaning. There could not also have been an "easement appurtenant" which as a result of a "dynamic" or "modern" interpretation acquired characteristics of the transmission easement. "Easement that corresponds to transmission easement" is only a misleading name given to the transmission easement. Since the easement could not have existed before the date of entry into force of the provisions that establish it, it could not also have been acquired either by legal action (in particular by an agreement), or by usucaption. The period of usucaption of such easement runs from the date of entry into force of the provisions constructing the easement, and is reduced — by a maximum of half the time required by the law — in the case in which prior to the entry into force of these provisions there existed a status on the property which after their entry into force would justify the establishment of transmission easement. At the same time, the entry into force of the provisions on transmission easement does not affect any other types of easements. In particular, it does not have any effect on the interpretation of the provisions on the easements appurtenant. All of these arguments are radically contrary to the well-established judicial decisions of the Supreme Court. The Court, concealing the real intention of its decisions (which, let us recall, is the protection of consumers against price rises of utilities, especially electricity), introduces disorder into the legal culture. It breaks the rules of interpretation and inference established in this culture, considers those standards valid which almost certainly would be recognized by the Constitutional Co
4

Intertemporalne aspekty kompensacji negatywnych przeżyć pośrednio pokrzywdzonych w orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego

75%
Słotwiński S.
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
|
2014
|
issue 5
PL
Artykuł przedstawia problematykę kompensacji negatywnych przeżyć pośrednio pokrzywdzonych w świetle zasad prawa intertemporalnego. Przedmiotem analizy jest rozbieżne orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego po wejściu w życie nowelizacji Kodeksu cywilnego i wprowadzeniu w dniu 3 sierpnia 2008 r. do polskiego porządku prawnego art. 446 § 4 K.c., który pozwala na zasądzenie stosownego zadośćuczynienia dla najbliższych członków rodziny zmarłego. Głównym problemem, który zarysowuje się w podjętej problematyce jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy art. 446 § 4 K.c. znajdzie zastosowanie wyłącznie do oceny stosunków prawnych ukształtowanych po wejściu w życie tego przepisu, a więc gdy czyn niedozwolony powodujący powstanie odpowiedniego stosunku prawnego wystąpił po 3 sierpnia 2008 r., a może jednak może on służyć zasądzeniu stosownych roszczeń przy stosunkach trwających w momencie rozpoczęcia obowiązywania art. 446 § 4 K.c. W artykule zostają przedstawione podstawowe zasady prawa intertemporalnego ze wskazaniem ich zastosowania dla ułatwienia rozstrzygania wątpliwości intertemporalnych, które powstaje na tle stosowania art. 446 § 4 K.c. Ostatecznie zostaje przedstawiony właściwy, w ocenie Autora, sposób rozwiązywania wątpliwości intertemporalnych, które powstają przy temporalnej ocenie stosunków prawnych rozpoczętych przed ustanowieniem wskazanej regulacji, a zakończonych po dniu jej wejścia w życie, a w efekcie czego przesądzenie, która z zasad prawa intertemporalnego znajdzie odpowiednie zastosowanie.
EN
The article presents the problem of compensating negative experiences of the indirectly victims in view of the principles of intertemporal law. The main subject of analysis is divergent case law of the polish Supreme Court after the entry into force of the amendments to the Civil Code and the introduction the article 446 § 4 to the Civil Code in 3 August 2008 to polish law, which allows to adjudge appropriate compensation for the immediate family members of the deceased. The main problem presented in article focuses on the answering question whether art. 446 § 4 of the Civil Code applies only to the legal relationships occured after of above mentioned, so that can be used to settle cases in the moment of entering new regulation into force or if it can be used also to tort which had place before 3rd August 2008. In the article are presented the basic principles of intertemporal law with an indication of their use to facilitate the settlement of intertemporal doubts that arises from the application of art. 446 § 4 of the Civil Code. Finally , in the opinion of the author, is presented appropriate way of settling an intertemporal problems that arise in temporal assessment of the legal relationship started before the establishment of the indicated regulations and completed after the date of its entry into force, and as a result indicate a respective rule of intertemporal law, which will be settled any doubts.
5
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Past Conflicts, Present Uncertainty: Legal Answers to the Quest for Information on Missing Persons and Victims of Enforced Disappearance. Three Case Studies from the European Context

63%
La Vaccara A.
Polish Yearbook of International Law
|
2017
|
vol. 37
35-69
EN
This article is intended to provide a legally sound explanation of why and how the contemporary International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law legal frameworks offer tools to address the uncertainty, lack of information, and the consequences thereof in relation to missing persons and victims of enforced disappearances in the context of armed conflicts which predated the adoption of such frameworks. To this end, three scenarios will be examined: the contemporary claims of the families of those who were killed in the Katyń massacre in 1940; the claims for information and justice of the families of thousands who were subjected to enforced disappearances during the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939; and the identification efforts concerning those reported missing while involved in military operations in the context of the 1944 Kaprolat/Hasselmann incident which took place during the Second World War. The analysis of these scenarios is conducive to the development of more general reflections that would feed into the debate over the legal relevance of the distant past in light of today’s international legal framework.
6
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INTERTEMPORALNA PROBLEMATYKA PRAWA ADMINISTRACYJNEGO

62%
Mikołajwicz J., Skoczylas A.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
|
2012
|
vol. 74
|
issue 1
5-20
EN
This paper aims at presenting the fundamental intertemporal issues in administrative law. Those issues are highly complex and, contrary to the existing fixed opinions on the seemingly poorer theoretical content of administrative law, reveal even greater complexity than the well developed disciplines such as civil law, which arises from the very nature of administrative law. Thus, most certainly, when it comes to administrative law, we deal not only with the application of its all basic descriptive principles, but also with detailed principles such as, for example, the lex mitior retro agit principle. What is also of material importance is the fact that intertemporal solutions are also present in administrative law, but their content is, if at all, only partially determined by positive regulations.
PL
Niniejsze opracowanie stawia sobie za cel przedstawienie podstawowej intertemporalnej problematyki prawa administracyjnego. Problematyka ta jest niezwykle złożona i – wbrew utrwalonym przesądom o jakoby uboższej problematyce teoretycznej prawa administracyjnego – wykazuje nawet większą złożoność od tak rozwiniętej dyscypliny, jak prawo cywilne. Związane jest to z samą charakterystyką prawa administracyjnego. Zapewne stąd na gruncie prawa administracyjnego spotykamy się nie tylko z zastosowaniem wszystkich podstawowych zasad opisowych prawa administracyjnego, lecz także z zasadami w którymś ze swoich aspektów szczegółowymi (na przykład zasada aktualności, zasada lex mitior retro agit). Istotne jest również to, że również na gruncie prawa administracyjnego występują rozstrzygnięcia intertemporalne, których treść, jeśli w ogóle, to jedynie częściowo jest wyznaczana regulacjami pozytywnymi.
7
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Rozstrzyganie wątpliwości intertemporalnych w prawie zobowiązań

55%
Słotwiński S.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2014
|
issue 2 (198)
41-89
EN
It is not an easy task to resolve intertemporal problems. This publication is an attempt to create a theory of solving such concerns, accompanying any changes in legal system, as quickly and correctly. as possible. The author focuses on regulations belonging to the contract law. The starting point of this article was an analysis of transitional provisions contained in amendments to Civil Code and in the introductory regulations of the Civil Code. This procedure leads up to a method of managing intertemporal conflicts between undergone significant changes of the legal system which is used by the legislature itself. Considerations begin with an introduction to the issues of the private intertemporal law by a brief characterization of intertemporal law basic rules approved by literature and jurisdiction. Then, the basic principles of the intertemporal law on the basis of the introductory regulations of the Civil Code have been discussed. At the end of this publication a theory of resolving intertemporal conflicts based on law of contract, which corresponds to the nature of obligations has been indicated.
8
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Prawo intertemporalne w państwie prawnym

54%
Mikołajewicz J.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
|
2015
|
vol. 77
|
issue 4
11-27
EN
This paper aims at presenting the rudimental relationships between so-called intertemporal law and the principle of the state ruled by law. This principle is considered to be embedded in the ontological structure of the law as defined by the constitutionally declared recognition of human dignity as the source of individual rights and freedoms, and therefore the rights and freedoms that may not be arbitrarily disposed of, since the absence of arbitrariness (in the sense that no man can ever be a means of the law but always its goal) is an inherent feature of the law founded on the bonds with human dignity. After examination of the philosophical, normative, cognitive and historical context of intertemporal law, the issues of intertemporal law itself have been briefly summarised. The question of intertemporal law remains strictly connected with the principle of the state ruled by law considered as acumulatively understood principle of principles designed to implement an accepted concept of the state ruled by law. The principle of the state ruled by law protects the following three fundamental values associated with intertemporal issues: human freedom, legal certainty, and clarity and transparency of the law (which may also be considered to be a manifestation of legal certainty) protected, inter alia, under the principles of legislative correctness. It is precisely the principle of the state ruled by law that is the fundamental determinant of the legal correctness of legislative decisions concerning any intertemporal regulation, while its primary function is to protect individuals against illegitimate activities of public authorities.
PL
W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono podstawowe związki między tzw. prawem intertemporalnym a zasadą państwa prawnego. Zasadę tę osadzono w strukturze ontycznej prawa wyznaczanej deklarowanym konstytucyjnie uznaniem godności ludzkiej za źródło praw i wolności jednostki. Praw zatem niedysponowanych, albowiem jednym z aspektów prawa fundowanego na związkach z godnością ludzką jest jego niearbitralność (w sensie, że człowiek nie może być środkiem prawa, zawsze jest jego celem). Po rozpoznaniu kontekstu filozoficznego, normatywnego, kognitywnego i historycznego problematyki intertemporalnej skrótowo została przedstawiona ona sama. Problematyka prawa intertemporalnego pozostaje w ścisłych związkach z zasadą państwa prawnego, traktowaną jako koniunktywnie pojęta zasada zasad służących realizacji przyjętej koncepcji państwa prawnego. Zasada państwa prawnego chroni trzy podstawowe wartości łączące się z zagadnieniami intertemporalnymi. Pierwszą jest wolność ludzka; drugą ‒ pewność prawa, trzecią ‒ jasność i przejrzystość prawa (co skądinąd można traktować jako przejaw pewności prawa), której ochronie służą m.in. zasady poprawności legislacyjnej. To właśnie zasada państwa prawnego jest podstawowym wyznacznikiem prawnej poprawności decyzji prawodawczej co do stanowienia regulacji intertemporalnych, podstawową jej funkcją jest zaś ochrona jednostki przed nielegitymowanymi działaniami organów władzy publicznej.
9

Ograniczenia rozporządzania nieruchomością rolną nabytą na licytacji sądowej

51%
Dzienis P.
Rejent
|
2021
|
issue 1 (357)
35-52
EN
Restrictions on agricultural real estate are the subject of many statements as they affect the ownership triad. This time the subject of consideration is the intertemporal issue in the context of understanding the rule of intermittent law tempus regit actum. The commented resolution of the Supreme Court of September 7, 2018, III CZP 32/18 shows the enforcement aspect of agricultural legal issues. The author seeks to answer the question about the correct interpretation of the legislator’s silence. He asks basic questions about who the “buyer” is and what is “proceeding to acquire property”. The interpretation of these statutory phrases plays an important role in this study. Since the result of the linguistic interpretation is unsatisfactory, and yet the loopholes in the law are only apparent, a purposeful, systemic and authentic interpretation is used. The author conducts an in-depth analysis of the issue against the background of the real estate execution model. The conclusions derived from the analysis allow for the approval of commented resolution and recognition that the silence of the legislator is quite apparent. In addition to the evaluation, the impact of this decision on practice is shown.
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