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The effect of lead free cap on the doses of ionizing radiation to the head of interventional cardiologists working in haemodynamic room

100%
Grabowicz W., Masiarek K., Górnik T., Grycewicz T., Brodecki M., Dabin J., Huet C., Vanhavere F., Domienik-Andrzejewska J. K.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2022
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vol. 35
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issue 5
549-560
EN
Objectives The study aim was to analyse the influence of the lead free cap on doses received by interventional cardiologists. The impact of lead free cap on doses to the head were evaluated in number of studies. As different methods used to assess the attenuation properties of protective cap can lead to ambiguous results, a detailed study was performed. Material and Methods The effectiveness of a lead free cap in reducing the doses to the skin was assessed in clinic by performing measurements with thermoluminescent dosimeters attached inside and outside the cap first during individual coronary angiography (CA) or CA/percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (CA/PTCA) procedures and then cumulated during few procedures of the same type. In order to investigate the effect of the cap on reducing the doses to the brain additional measurements were performed with a male Alderson Rando and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantoms representing the physician and the patient, respectively for different projections. The brain dose per procedure, annual and cumulated during entire working practice were estimated for both cases working with and without the cap. Results The dose reduction factor (RF) for the skin (the quotient of doses outside and inside the cap) vary from 1.1 up to 4.0 in clinical conditions; on average 2.3-fold reduction is observed in the most exposed left temple. The RFs determined for the part of the head covered by the cap range from 1.4 to 1.8 while for the brain from 1.0 to 1.1 depending on the projection. The estimated annual brain dose for interventional cardiologist performing yearly 550 CA/PTCA procedures without any protective shields is 7.2 mGy and it is reduced with the lead free cap by an average factor of 1.1. Conclusions The study results proved the considerable effectiveness of lead free cap to protect the skin but very limited to protect the brain.
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Nowe-stare metody redukcji i monitoringu narażenia na promieniowanie rentgenowskie w środowisku zabiegowym

67%
Mirowski M. M.
Medycyna Pracy
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2021
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vol. 72
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issue 1
49-59
EN
Ionizing radiation as a scientific achievement provides a variety of advantages, e.g., in the medical field. However, it also causes a risk of some illnesses, e.g., cataract or cancer. This results in the need to measure radiation doses and to reduce the unnecessary risk. There are 3 main methods of dose reduction, i.e., shortening the time of exposure, working as far as possible from the X-ray source, and using radioprotective shields. Together with the development of science and technology, dose reduction methods and radioprotection methods have also evolved. Besides improved shielding, the ergonomics is also more advanced, e.g., the zero-gravity shielding or light, and non-lead aprons. What is more, the awareness of using radiological protection and conducting the surgery in the safest way for both the staff and the patient is growing up. The goal of this article is to discuss the newest methods of radiation protection against the background of 3 main protection principles.
PL
Odkrycie promieniowania jonizującego przyniosło wiele korzyści również w medycynie. Związane z nim ryzyko wywoływania chorób, takich jak nowotwory popromienne czy zaćma, skutkuje koniecznością monitorowania narażenia osób pracujących w ekspozycji na promieniowanie jonizujące za pomocą dozymetrii indywidualnej lub optymalizacji procedur medycznych. Istnieją 3 główne sposoby optymalizacji procedur medycznych – redukcja czasu, zwiększenie odległości oraz stosowanie osłon osobistych i stałych. Wraz z rozwojem nauki i techniki ewoluują sposoby zmniejszania dawki. Poza lepszą osłonnością wzrasta także ergonomia, jak w przypadku osłony Zero-Gravity i lekkich fartuchów bezołowiowych. Rośnie także świadomość konieczności stosowania osłon i prowadzenia zabiegu tak, aby zmniejszyć narażenie zarówno personelu, jak i pacjenta. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie nowych metod ochrony przed promieniowaniem jonizującym w kontekście powyższych 3 pryncypiów ochrony radiologicznej.
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