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More Aristotelian than Aristotle. Duns Scotus on Cognizing Singulars

100%

Novák L.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

2017

vol. 65

issue Special Issue 2

79-100

At least from Plato and Aristotle onward the common wisdom of the entire philosophical tradition, hardly ever questioned, was that while universals are grasped by the intellect, individuals are perceived by the senses. Even in the “moderately realistic” Aristotelian-scholastic setting (perhaps best represented by Aquinas) where universals are situated “in rebus”, this axiom naturally generated the idea of two separated realms of objects of cognition – individuals and universals – whose ontological status, mutual relations, etc. would, in turn, be philosophically investigated. In my reading, Scotus does not share this common preconception at all; rather, he takes the position that ultimately there is only one single realm of cognized objects – the individuals or particulars. Thus, although it may be argued that his theory of cognition does not represent any radical departure from the moderate-realistic, Avicenna-inspired paradigm of the 13th century, but rather a specific elaboration of it, a closer look reveals that Scotus takes an entirely new perspective on the problem and reinterprets the old approaches from a new standpoint. And yet, this new perspective can at the same time be understood as being merely a consistent completion of the anti-Parmenidean and anti-Platonic movement in philosophy initiated by Aristotle – namely that of epistemic rehabilitation of the world of ordinary particular things. Scotus’s epistemic thought can thus be described as simultaneously consistently traditional and revolutionary.

Intuitive and Rational Cognition in the Theory and Practice of Management Sciences

67%

Nowak M., Ziomek J.

Problemy Zarządzania

2019

issue 2/2019 (82)

142-154

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest wyjaśnienie roli poznania rozumowego i intuicyjnego w teorii i praktyce zarządzania. W artykule przedstawiono syntetyczny przegląd definicji i sposobu interpretowania pojęcia intuicji. Następnie zaproponowano aparat pojęciowy dotyczący sądów rozumowych, sądów intuicyjnych oraz intuicji jako szczególnego typu umiejętności. W oparciu o czterofazowy model pracy twórczej oraz modele systemu 1 oraz systemu 2 wyjaśniono rolę intuicji w pracy teoretyka zarządzania. Posługując się czterofazowym modelem kompetencji, wyjaśniono rolę intuicji w procesie podejmowania decyzji kierowniczych. W opracowaniu wykazano, że intuicja stanowi kluczową umiejętność zarówno w teorii, jak i w praktyce zarządzania.

The aim of this study is to explain the role of rational and intuitive cognition in the theory and practice of management. The article presents a synthetic review of definitions and ways of interpreting the concept of intuition. Subsequently, a conceptual apparatus for rational judgments, intuitive judgments, and intuition as a special type of skills is proposed. On the basis of the four-stage model of the creative process and the model of System 1 and System 2, the role of intuition in the work of management theoretician is explained. Using the four-stage model of competence, the role of intuition in the process of making managerial decisions is explained. The study shows that intuition is a key skill in the theory and practice of management.

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1 Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

1 Problemy Zarządzania

1 Novák L.

1 Nowak M.

1 Ziomek J.

1 2019

1 2017

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More Aristotelian than Aristotle. Duns Scotus on Cognizing Singulars

Intuitive and Rational Cognition in the Theory and Practice of Management Sciences