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Identifying and ascribing the relative significance of introduction pathways for non-native plants into Iceland

100%
Wasowicz P.
Environmental & Socio-economic Studies
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2014
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vol. 2
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issue 4
28-37
EN
The study is aimed at identifying pathways frequently used by non-native plant species, assessing their relative significance and development in time. Pathways were defined following NOBANIS framework (Madsen et al., 2014). Species assessments were based on HARMONIA scheme (Branquart, 2007). Four categories of environmental hazards were assessed plus two additional categories summarizing impacts on health and economy. Temporal development of pathways was assessed using cumulative per annum taxa records. To quantify the activity of investigated pathways over time an index (δ10) showing the number of new species introduced during the period of 10 years was calculated. The study shows that horticulture, landscaping and agriculture can be pointed out as pathways of concern in Iceland. A set of species of concern is also proposed. Two plant taxa are included in A list (high risk species): Anthriscus sylvestis and Lupinus nootkatensis. Three taxa are placed in B list (watch list): Heracleum mantegazzianum, Heracleum persicum and Pinus contorta. Results of the present study are compared with similar studies carried out in Denmark, Scandinavia and Baltic countries. Different measures to prevent introductions of new and potentially dangerous non-native species are also discussed including selection of good practices that may significantly reduce the threat from non-native species used in agriculture and horticulture.
2
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Occurrence of alien species in the agriculture landscape: a case of Proszowice Plateau (Southern Poland)

100%
Towpasz K., Stachurska-Swakoń A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
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2018
EN
Synanthropisation of vegetation is today a serious problem both due to its impact on plant and animal diversity, as well as its significance through the impact on the global and local economy in the direct and indirect direction. Understanding the mechanisms of new arrivals is one of the important aspects of many types of research. The presented paper concerns the analysis of selected features of kenophytes occurring on the Proszowice Plateau (Southern Poland). On the basis of long-term floristic studies, a list of kenophytes was selected. The list was subject to a detailed analysis of the frequency, origin, ecological numbers, life forms, and life strategies. The results indicate that perennial species with a CR life strategy have the greatest chance of expansion in the agricultural area, although the annual species with the C strategy predominate.
3
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Gatunki inwazyjne w dolinie środkowej Warty

86%
Chmielecki B., Kucharski L.
Biuletyn Uniejowski
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2018
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vol. 7
77-95
PL
Analizą objęto inwazyjne gatunki roślin w środkowym odcinku doliny Warty. Badania prowadzono metodą transektów. Stwierdzono 21 gatunków roślin inwazyjnych. Najliczniej notowano: przymiotno kanadyjskie Conyza canadensis, klon jesionolistny Acer negundo, uczep amerykański Bidens frondosa, nawłoć kanadyjską Solidago canadensis oraz moczarkę kanadyjską Elodea canadensis. Gatunki inwazyjne występowały w 12 typach siedlisk przyrodniczych. Najliczniej stwierdzano je w lasach łęgowych (związek Alno-Ulmion) i zbiorowiskach porośniętych roślinnością ruderalną (związek Sisymbrion officinalis). Dość licznie występowały również w zbiorowiskach murawowych ze związków Corynephorion canescentis i Vicio-Potentillion argenteae oraz w płatach roślinności terofitów letnich z rzędu Bidentetalia tripartiti. Conyza canadensis,Acer negundo i Bidens frondosa występowały w największej liczbie siedlisk. Najbogatsze w gatunki inwazyjne roślin były transekty położone w pobliżu Uniejowa. Analiza wyników badań pozwala ocenić florę badanego odcinka doliny Warty jako zmienioną w średnim stopniu w wyniku inwazji obcych gatunków roślin.
XX
The analysis covers invasive species of plants in the middle part of the Warta Valley. The research was carried out using the transect method. 21 species of invasive plants have been identified, among which the most numerous were Conyza canadensis, Acer negundo, Bidens frondosa, Solidago canadensis and Elodea canadensis. Invasive species were found in 12 types of habitats, but mostly in marshy woods (Almo-Ulmion relationship) and in biotopes with ruderal vegetation (Sisymbrion officinalis relationship). Invasive plants were the most numerous in the transects in the vicinity of Uniejów. Analysis of the research findings indicates that the flora of the examined part of the Warta valley has been changed to a moderate degree by invasion of non-native plant species.
4
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Laboratory and image spectroscopy for evaluating the biophysical state of meadow vegetation in the Krkonoše National Park

86%
Jelének J., Kupková L., Zagajewski B., Březina S., Ochytra A., Marcinkowska A.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2014
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vol. 18
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issue 2
15-22
EN
The paper deals with the evaluation of mountain meadow vegetation condition using in-situ measurements of the fraction of Accumulated Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR) and Leaf Area Index (LAI). The study analyses the relationship between these parameters and spectral properties of meadow vegetation and selected invasive species with the goal of finding out vegetation indices for the detection of fAPAR and LAI. The developed vegetation indices were applied on hyperspectral data from an APEX (Airborne Prism Experiment) sensor in the area of interest in the Krkonoše National Park. The results of index development on the level of the field data were quite good. The maximal sensitivity expressed by the coefficient of determination for LAI was R2 = 0.56 and R2 = 0.79 for fAPAR. However, the sensitivity of all the indices developed at the image level was quite low. The output values of in-situ measurements confirmed the condition of invasive species as better than that of the valuable original meadow vegetation, which is a serious problem for national park management.
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Biedronka azjatycka

86%
Kołątaj K.
Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa
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2014
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issue 3
25-30
EN
Multicolored Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis) originates from middle-east Asia. It is an invasive species, which can be found in the majority of continents, due to its introduction on a wide range in USA and in Europe. It was commonly applied as a pest agent against aphids in the field crops, orchards, gardens and in greenhouses. In Poland this beetle was first time recorded in 2006. Since that moment it colonized substantial area of Poland. In 2008 the Polish Ecological Research Centre started to lead the monitoring of propagation of this species within the country. Despite the fact that this beetle is able to reduce very effectively the populations of aphids and other similar pests, it become a threat to native species of lady beetles and burdensome to people. Apart from this, Multicolored Asian lady beetle can cause some damage in fruit, what can take a place particularly when the level of populations of aphids is low. Especially wine producers suffered from financial losses caused by this insect. Before the winter it can quite often migrate in large number into the buildings and flats and stain the walls, furniture, clothes or electronic equipment. It can also bite people and cause allergic reactions at some of them. It is an aggressive predator with high reproductive potential. In the newly occupied habitats it can disturb the ecological balance of these places by displacing native species. Very characteristic for multicolored Asian lady beetle is extremely high morphological variability.
6
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Three Maples (Acer L., Aceraceae Juss.) in the Republic of Mordovia, Russian Federation

72%
Khapugin A. A., Silaeva T. B., Utorova Y. N.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
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2016
EN
Genus Acer in the Republic of Mordovia is presented by four plant species: Acer campestre L., A. negundo L., A. platanoides L. and A. tataricum L. For A. campestre and A. tataricum we investigated accompanying flora composition and conducted its analysis; characteristics of populations were carried out. Seed reproduction of A. negundo was investigated in seminatural and anthropogenically disturbed habitats. Seed reproduction is of little importance for the maintenance of A. campestre populations on the north-eastern border of its range. This is offset by an active vegetative propagation by root offsprings. So, very few A. campestre individuals reach the generative age. A. tataricum is capable to grow in open as well as in woodland habitats in floodplains. Sufficient light and moderate moisture are the most significant environmental factors for A. tataricum populations. Depressing of tatarian maple is observed under conditions of shading in plant community with A. negundo dominance. Analysis of the accompanying floras of A. campestre and A. tataricum shows the coenotical confinement of these maple species. Seed reproduction of A. negundo was significantly higher in seminatural habitats with dominance of ash-leaved maple than it was in urban environment. Probably, this is a manifestation of indirect facilitation of the adult A. negundo tree canopy for the growth of its own seedlings by oppressing of other plants (e.g. A. tataricum seedlings). Thus, we showed relevance for investigations of interactions between closely related tree species.
7
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Zapobieganie inwazji barszczy kaukaskich w Polsce : Potrzebne kompleksowe i systematyczne zwalczanie

72%
Dziwisz S.
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vol. 65
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issue 6 (395)
109-118
EN
In the past, giant hogweed was popular as ornamental, honey-producing, and fodder plant. In the 1970s and 1980s it was grown in almost all parts of Poland. After over a dozen of years, due to the changes in the taste of meat and milk it caused, it stopped being grown, it has not, however been removed from fields. The plant is hard to control, it easily expands on the new areas and causes degradation of the environment. At the same time, it is dangerous for humans and animals. For this reason, NIK decided to examine whether the activities with regard to elimination of the plant were effective. The article presents the detailed results of the audit.
PL
Barszcze kaukaskie (Sosnowskiego oraz Mantegazziego) były w przeszłości popularne jako rośliny miododajne oraz pastewne. W latach 70. i 80. poprzedniego stulecia barszcz Sosnowskiego uprawiano niemal w całej Polsce. Po kilkunastu latach, ze względu na zmieniony smak mięsa i mleka, zaprzestano jego uprawy, jednakże nie przeprowadzono skutecznej likwidacji istniejących stanowisk tej rośliny. Barszcze są trudne do zwalczenia, łatwo zajmują nowe tereny i powodują degradację środowiska przyrodniczego, przy tym są niebezpieczne dla ludzi i zwierząt. Z tego względu NIK postanowiła sprawdzić, czy podejmowane obecnie działania związane z ich likwidacją były skuteczne. Artykuł przedstawia szczegółowe wyniki kontroli.
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