Results found: 1

Search results

Search:
in the keywords: inwentaryzacja zabytków przed wojną

Sort By:

Limit search:

Organizacja ochrony zabytków w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

100%

Pruszyński J.

Ochrona Zabytków

1988

issue 2

75-85

The development of the organization of monuments’ protection in Poland took place in the conditions different from those found in other European countries due to the lack of the country’s own statehood in the period from 1795 to 1918. The lack of state services and administration of culture caused the unique social movement in this matter. Thus, when discussing the organization of monuments’ art and conservation in Poland one should pay attention to a social genesis of protective measures and, in particular, to the activity of the Society fo r the Protection of Monuments of the Past (1906—1914). The au tho r of this study presents a document from 1909, which can be considered to be the first programme for monuments’ protection. He analyses also the first Polish law on the protection of monuments, namely the decree of October 31, 1918. A characteristic feature of this decree was to protect a possibly wide number of objects th a t date back not only to old past but also to the most recent days, the treatment of the protection of immovable cultural property as being inseparably linked with the environment (landscape) as well as a rather broad scope of powers of a dm in istrative bodies — district conservators. Of importance is also the fact that protection covered historic structures irrespective of whether or not they were recorded in a monuments’ register, just as the recording — as a condition of p ro tection — would have deferred indispensable measures. The quoted names of first d is tric t conservators show, on the one hand, th a t these posts were taken by individuals, previously active as volunteers; on the other hand, they remind th a t many of them, well-known from th e ir later works on the theory of conservation, history of arts, recording and museology, began their a ctivities as conservators. The next analyzed legal act is the law on the protection of monuments, changing the 1918 decree, proclaimed when the organization of state administration at a central and fie ld level became the fact. A very specific legal construction conditioning not only protection but also the recognition of a given object as a historic monument upon the decision of the state a u th o rity was caused by a te n dency to cover with protection only some groups of objects, in the first place those of pure Polish descent. The fu rth e r part of the study is devoted to organizational and legal situation of museums. All Polish museums came to life eith e r by the nationalization of private collections a ccording to the will of th e ir owners or thanks to donations and bequests. At the same time, the organization o f museums le ft much fo r improvement; it was not homogenous and had limited material and technical means a t its disposal. Still a n o th e r problem of basic importance to an effective protection o f monuments was the recording of historic resources, carried out throughout the entire the work of twenty-year period. Activities of administration complemented s c ie n tific organizations, and especially Department of Polish Architecture and the History of Arts at Warsaw Technical University, employing and train in g many outstand ing specialists in the field of conservation. The not widely-known problem was the revindication of monuments which had been grabbed by Austria, Prussia and Russia ravaging Poland for 150 years. In some cases they were included into public or private collections of those states; some of them were eith e r da maged or stored in inappropriate conditions. A t a peace conference Poland called fo r the return of the objects which had been taken over either by private persons or by in vading powers, in some cases as an repression ac t as a result of national uprisings. The revindication from the te rritories annexed, by Prussia and Austria had never been done in practice, while a detailed regulation of the problems covered by the Riga Treaty from 1921 made possible to regain major part of monuments taken by the Russians. A ttention should be drawn to the activities of Polish associatio n s in Russia. They carried out the recording of Polish historic monuments and th e ir subsequent revindication. A rich and eventful history of the organization o f monuments’ protection in Poland remains rather unknown due to the damage of archival materials during the 2nd World W a r; hence, it seemed necessary to quote a t least some basic published articles on the organization of conservation and monuments’ protection.

Refine search results

1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Pruszyński J.

1 1988

Search results

Organizacja ochrony zabytków w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym