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EN
The essence of the debate revolves around the topic concerning the leader-ship in Iran and its constitutional bases. The paper is to examine some ques-tions. Why Iran is so interesting? What are the characteristics of the political system of this state? How has the institution of the spiritual leader created? What is the contemporary political system and the position of the leader? The short history of the Persians and their statehood is slightly touched in the article. Then, the importance of the islamic revolution is noted because it resulted in the authority of the Muslim lawyer. This original form of government is unknown for western civilizations. Furthermore, an attempt to characterize the political system seems to be helpful in determining the position of spiritual leader. The characteristics of the system based especially on the Constitution is also tried to be done.
EN
Islamic Revolution in 1979 was the last „great revolution” of the twentieth century. Facade parliamentary monarchy was replaced with the innovative creation, called „The Islamic Republic". Revolutionary leaders, inspired with religious ideas, made an attempt to dominate the politics, the culture and the civil life with the omnipresent Islam. Due to the role of the religious fundamentalism, the Iranian revolution was the announcement of a strong relationship between Islam and politics in the 21st century. The purpose of this article is to characterize the causes, course and the fundamental changes that have occurred as a result of the victorious revolution of 1979. The first part discusses the socio-political conditions in Iran during the reign of Shah Mohammad Reza and attempts to answer the question of the extent, to which they have contributed to revolution. The second part presents the course of the Iranian revolution in chronological order. The last part constitutes the analysis of the consequences of the revolution, especially transformations that affected the Iranian political system.
PL
Rewolucja islamska w 1979 r. była ostatnią "wielką" rewolucją XX wieku. Fasadową monarchię parla­mentarną zastąpiono innowacyjnym tworem, nazwanym "republiką islamską". Przywódcy rewolucyjni inspirowani ideami religijnymi, podjęli próbę zdominowania polityki, kultury i życia obywatelskiego wszechobecnym islamem. Z uwagi na rolę fundamentalizmu religijnego, rewolucja irańska stanowiła zapowiedź silnych relacji między islamem a polityką w XXI wieku. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest charakterystyka przyczyn, przebiegu i gruntownych zmian, jakie dokonały się w wyniku zwycięskiej rewolucji 1979 r. W pierwszej części omówiono uwarunkowania społeczno-polityczne Iranu w okresie panowania szacha Mohammada Rezy i podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie w jakim stopniu przyczyniły się one do wybuchu rewolucji. W drugiej części przedstawiono w porządku chronologicznym przebieg rewolucji irańskiej. Ostatnia część stanowi analizę głównych rezultatów rewolucji, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przeobrażeń, jakie dotknęły irański system polityczny.
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