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Příroda na prahu atomového věku : Obraz jaderné energetiky a životního prostředí v publicistice socialistického Československa

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Kůželová M.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

2017

vol. 24

issue 1-2

102-126

Based on textx excerpted from Czechoslovak periodicals and dailies of that time the study shos changes of the image of nuclear power and nuclear energy in Czechoslovakia between the 1950s and the 1980s, as well as the position of environmental issues in it. In the 1950s, the image prevailing in periodicals and dailies was that of harnessed and transformed nature, with the anticipated arrival of nuclear power plants presented as a natural replacement of coal-fired plants necessitated by limited coal reserves. At that time there were no doubts about the ''cleanliness'' of nuclear power plants. In the decades that followed, the strategy of authors, often experts in the field and promoters of science, changed, as the ''nuclear optimism'' was ebbing. They started, albeit cautiously, admitting a possibility of health; however, referring to accurate data, they were also downplaying the risk, claiming it was highly unlikely. The authoress contextualizes the Czechoslovak nuclear energy discourse, showing that there were no significant differences from the general ''nuclear optimism'' prevailing in the Soviet Union, United States or France; however, since the mid-1960s, and particularly since the following decade, the shape and form of the discourse in the Soviet Bloc diverged from that in the West considerably. In Czechoslovakia, the discourse was monopolized and no texts questioning the Czechoslovak orientation on nuclear energy could be officially published. The inertia of the positive image of nuclear power in Czechoslovak journalism was made possible not only by the socialist dictatorship, but also by a continuity of authors. In this respect, there were never a question whether to use nuclear power or not; the question was how to develop it in a way guaranteeing a sufficient level of environmental protection and safety of nuclear power plants.

a2_Autorka československý diskurz o jaderné energii kontextualizuje a ukazuje, že zatímco v padesátých letech se nijak zásadně nelišil od všeobecného ,,atomového optimismu'', vládnoucího stejně tak v Sovětském svazu, Spojených státech nebo Francii, od druhé poloviny šedesátých let, a zejména následující dekády se podoba tohoto diskurzu v sovětském bloku a na Západě značně diferencovala. V Československu byla jeho produkce monopolizována a texty zpochybňující československou orientaci na jadernou energetiku nemohly být oficiálně publikovány. Setrvačnost pozitivního obrazu jaderné energetiky v československé publicistice byla umožněna podmínkami socialistické diktatury, ale také personální kontinuitou autorů. Otázka zde nikdy nezněla, jestli jaderná energetika ano, či ne, ale jak při jejím rozvoji zajistit dostatečnou ochranu životního prostředí a bezpečnost jaderných elektráren.

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1 Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

1 Kůželová M.

1 2017

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Příroda na prahu atomového věku : Obraz jaderné energetiky a životního prostředí v publicistice socialistického Československa