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Ze Slovníku středověké latiny: balatro

100%

Vršecká K.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

2018

vol. 141

issue 1-2

201-219

The main aim of the article is to analyse the meaning of a rather uncommon word balatro in Medieval Latin within the context of Medieval Latin sources of Bohemia and with regard to Latin acting terminology of the day. The meaning of the word in classical Latin and its etymology are discussed first. The second part of the article presents various interpretations of the etymology and meaning of the word in the Middle Ages, which also drew on late ancient commentaries and scholia on Horace’s poems. The definition of the word balatro by wellknown Medieval Latin lexicographers (Papias, Hugutio of Pisa, Osbern of Gloucester, Iohannes Ianuensis) and celebrated lexicographical works (Vocabularius Ex Quo) is briefly discussed. Attention is further shifted to the interpretation of the word in lexicographical sources of Czech origin. The Medieval Latin and Latin-Czech glossaries mostly define balatro as a profligate, a rouge, or as a jester, a buffoon, a clamorous actor. Several bilingual glossaries also provide interesting old Czech translations of balatro, e.g. hrdlak, požěrač (denoting a “glutton”), etc. In one Latin-German dictionary containing Czech glosses one can find a German equivalent of balatro – rueffer: this could mean a precursor, that is, an actor who used to present and introduce the medieval play at the beginning. Apart from the lexicographical sources, the word balatro also appears in a medieval formula collection from the fourteenth century together with buffoons (scurrae), goliards (goliardi), gluttons (epulae) and profligate people (deguli). Latin or bilingual sources of Bohemia containing the word balatro clearly indicate that the name could imply several meanings and that there was not always a strict border between “jester” and “actor” and even “glutton”, “profligate” or “vile fellow”: like other acting terms, the word balatro had pejorative connotations stemming from the negative and unfavourable role and status of actors in medieval society in general. The use of the word balatro within Medieval Latin in the Czech Lands, in contrast, may have a close connection with the growing role of the courtly jester in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

Poeta „w błazeńskiej czapce na głowie”. Śmieszność (u) Różewicza

84%

Kunz T.

Pamiętnik Literacki

2023

vol. 114

issue 3

119-135

Autor artykułu stawia pytanie o miejsce i rolę komizmu/śmieszności w twórczości Tadeusza Różewicza, a także o towarzyszące samemu artyście poczucie śmieszności związane z uprawianiem profesji poetyckiej. W odniesieniu do pierwszego aspektu omówione zostały trzy fazy twórczości Różewicza, co pozwoliło ukazać przemiany funkcji pełnionej przez żywioł humorystyczny w wierszach satyrycznych z lat czterdziestych i pięćdziesiątych, w komediach pisanych w latach sześćdziesiątych oraz w późnych tomach poetyckich z lat dziewięćdziesiątych i dwutysięcznych. Głównym przedmiotem zainteresowania pozostaje jednak oryginalna strategia artystyczna Różewicza, w której osoba autora jest komicznym kontrapunktem twórczości, a świadome naruszanie reguł stosowności i dobrego smaku okazuje się elementem walki z oficjalną powagą, estetycznym frazesem i fałszem towarzyszącym wspólnotowym formom celebracji sztuki.

The author of the paper poses the question about the role of the comical/ridicule in Tadeusz Różewicz’s work and about the feeling of comical connected with pursuing poetic practice that accompanies the poet himself. Referring to the first aspect, the author discusses three phases of Różewicz’s creation that allows to depict the changes performed by the comical element in satirical poems composed in the 1940s and 1950s, in comedies written in the 1960s, and in late collections of poems created in the 1990s and in 2000s. The author’s main subject of interest, though, is Różewicz’s artistic strategy in which the figure of the author is a comical counterpoint of writing, while deliberate distortion of the rules of appropriateness and good taste proves to be an element of struggle with official seriousness, aesthetic platitude and falsehood the latter of which accompanies community forms of celebrating the art.

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1 Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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1 Kunz T.

1 Vršecká K.

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1 2018

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Ze Slovníku středověké latiny: balatro

Poeta „w błazeńskiej czapce na głowie”. Śmieszność (u) Różewicza