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1

Średniowieczna architektura kościoła parafialnego w Głubczycach od II połowy XIII do początków XVI wieku

100%

Legendziewicz A.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2020

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vol. 27

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issue 2

46-59

EN

The article presents the results of research on the parish church of Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Głubczyce. In the introduction presents a analysis of written and iconographic sources and discusses the current literature on the subject. Based on architectural research and comparative analysis, it was considered that the first church was probably built in the third quarter of the 13th century and consisted of a rectangular two-span presbytery, sacristy and a three-nave basilica body with an unfinished tower massif. It was passed to the patronage ofThe Knights Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in the 1279. Probably in the first half of the 14th century, the presbytery was enlarged and the body was transformed into a hall layout with western and southern portals. After leaving the temple by the Knights of St. John in 1526, in 1579 the south tower was raised, crowning it with a Renaissance helmet.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań kościoła parafialnego p.w Narodzenia NMP w Głubczycach. We wstępie przedstawiono analizę źródeł pisanych i ikonograficznych oraz omówiono aktualną literaturę. Na podstawie badań architektonicznych i analizy porównawczej uznano, że pierwszy kościół został prawdopodobnie zbudowany w trzeciej ćwierci XIII wieku i złożony był z prostokątnego dwuprzęsłowego prezbiterium, zakrystii i trójnawowego korpusu bazylikowego z niedokończonym masywem wieżowym. Patronat nad świątynią przekazano Zakonowi Rycerskiego Szpitala Św. Jana w Jerozolimie w 1279 roku. Prawdopodobnie w pierwszej połowie XIV wieku powiększono prezbiterium, a korpus przekształcono nadając mu układ halowy z portalami zachodnimi i południowymi. Po opuszczeniu świątyni przez joannitów w 1526 roku w 1579 r. wzniesiono wieżę południową, zwieńczoną renesansowym hełmem.

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Przemiany architektury kościoła parafialnego w Koźlu od schyłku XIII do końca XVI wieku

71%

Legendziewicz A., Peszko A.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2023

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vol. 30

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issue 1

EN

This article presents the results of research on the parish church of St. Sigismund and St. Hedwig of Silesia at Koźle. The introduction presents an analysis of scarce written and iconographic sources and discusses the existing literature. On the basis of architectural research, a comparative analysis, and information from 1293, the oldest parts were separated, including the two-bay chancel whose construction was set in the second half of the 13th century. The date of the transfer of the temple's patronage to the Order of the Knights Hospitaller of St John in Jerusalem remains unknown; it may have taken place in the first half of the 14th century. This dating is confirmed by a reference to the chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary of 1323. The first mention of a commandery does not come until 1392. It is likely that the chapel may have been built on the south side of the choir in the first half of the 14th century, with the chancel being enlarged slightly later. The pseudo-hall three-nave body with a tower was probably erected in the second half of the 15th century. The sgraffito decoration of the facade, the rebuilding of the Blessed Virgin Mary Chapel and the tower roof were funded by Jan von Oppersdorff around 1570.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań kościoła parafialnego pw. św. Zygmunta i św. Jadwigi Śląskiej w Koźlu. We wstępie przedstawiono analizę skromnych źródeł pisanych oraz ikonograficznych, a także omówiono dotychczasową literaturę. Bazując na badaniach architektonicznych, analizie porównawczej oraz informacji z 1293 r. wydzielono najstarsze partie, obejmujące dwuprzęsłowe prezbiterium, którego budowę osadzono w drugiej połowie XIII wieku. Data przekazania patronatu nad świątynią Zakonowi Rycerskiego Szpitala św. Jana w Jerozolimie pozostaje nieznana, mogła to mieć miejsce w I połowie XIV wieku. Taką datację potwierdza wzmianka o kaplicy NMP w 1323 r. Pierwsza wzmianka o komturze pochodzi dopiero z 1392 r. Prawdopodobnie kaplica mogła powstać po południowej stronie chóru w I połowie XIV wieku, a nieco później powiększono prezbiterium. Pseudohalowy trójnawowy korpus z wieżą wzniesiono przypuszczalnie w II połowie XV wieku. Dekorację sgraffitową elewacji, przebudowę kaplicy NMP oraz dach wieży około 1570 r. ufundował Jan von Oppersdorff.

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System monetarny Zakonu Szpitalników Świętego Jana Jerozolimskiego w państwie zakonnym na Rodos 1309-1522

71%

Mizera T.

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

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2007

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vol. 35

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issue 3

305-319

EN

The Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem is one of the oldest religious and charitable organisations in the world. In its long and tumultuous history it played the role of a hospital fraternity, and a knight order fighting against the „infidel”. When the Franks lost the Holy Land and the Jerusalem Kingdom fell in 1291, a new stage was opened in the history of the three largest knight orders – Templars, Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and Teutonic Knights. For the first from the list it was „the beginning of an end,” while for the remaining two an occasion to build an independent power and independent economic policy in the lands under their jurisdiction. Having gained Rhodes at the turn of 1309/1310, St. John's Knights started to build an administrative structure on the island, among inhabitants dominated by people of Greek origin. They laid foundations under an effective economy, whose integral part was a monetary system. Hospitallers introduced a clear and effective monetary system based on the best European models. It became an essential element of Europe's economic system in that period. Its influence was even bigger, as it dealt with one of the most important trade routes in the Mediterranean See, and economic relations with the rich St. John's Knights' commanderies in the west of Europe.

4

Sieć młynów wodnych w dobrach klasztornych na Pomorzu Wschodnim w XIII-XVI w.

54%

Kubicki R.

Hereditas Monasteriorium

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2013

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vol. 2

35-56

EN

The study is devoted to the reconstruction of the process of watermills network developing in the estates of separate monasteries in Eastern Pomerania on the background of general milling trends development in this area. Considering this subject, three distinct stages were identified: up to 1308, when the representatives of local dynasty ruled, the years 1309-1454, so the rule of the Teutonic Order, and the period after 1454, in this case limited with the frames of this article to the end of 16th century. The monasteries, thanks to the owned assets and organizational capabilities, have played an important role in the watermills’network developing, especially in the ducal period, up to 1308. Although the monks were not the pioneers in the wastelands management and construction of the first watermills in these areas, they have acted as the main users of existing and newly built mills along with the territorial rulers in the course of time. A certain change has brought the rule of the Teutonic Knights, who ran a consequent economic policy towards other entities, including in particular the monasteries possessing extensive grants from the earlier period. Their actions clearly hindered the further development of the monastic estates, forcing their owners to improve organization of the already held premises. Additionally, on that has imposed the general legal and organizational processes change in the rural economy, also occurring in the goods of great monastic property. Due to that fact each congregation was trying to led self-sufficient economic policy, of which manifestation in the flour milling was imposition of milling coercion on the possessed villages, and conscious construction of own, independent from external conditions, network of milling machines. This policy was continued even after 1454, when the control of the public authority was not so strict. The new circumstance at that time was the abolishment of milling regalia, what enabled the rapid development of mill networks in private estates, possibly including the monastic premises. Different factors were subject to change in the network of hydro-powered devices in the territories belonging to the Cistercians of Oliwa. The proximity of Gdańsk, the great urban center, experiencing at that time a massive economic development resulted, that the monastery has become a natural partner for the actions taken by local townspeople. By investing their capital in the construction of more hydro-powered devices on the monastery’s two major waterways, they led to establishment of about 30 devices, in the vast majority – of industrial mills. The case of Oliwa, fundamentally different from other monasteries, was a result of cooperation between two different partners: the monastery – representing the model of a traditional rural economy, and the investors possessing large assets– urban entrepreneurs. In addition to the considerations presented in the article, there is enclosed the monastic mill network map illustrating the status quo in the second half of the 16 th century.

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2 Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

1 Hereditas Monasteriorium

1 Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

2 Legendziewicz A.

1 Kubicki R.

1 Mizera T.

1 Peszko A.

1 2023

2 2020

1 2013

Średniowieczna architektura kościoła parafialnego w Głubczycach od II połowy XIII do początków XVI wieku

Przemiany architektury kościoła parafialnego w Koźlu od schyłku XIII do końca XVI wieku

System monetarny Zakonu Szpitalników Świętego Jana Jerozolimskiego w państwie zakonnym na Rodos 1309-1522

Sieć młynów wodnych w dobrach klasztornych na Pomorzu Wschodnim w XIII-XVI w.