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1

On Virtue in the Context of Sport

100%

Zowisło M.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2009

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vol. 47

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issue 1

89-94

EN

Sport with its long and rich history is and always has been a complex phenomenon of culture, this marvellous world of objectified human spirit, the environment of man's consciousness and its deep dreams and ideals. So, key elements of sport are not limited to the games themselves, but encompass also a strong ethos consisting of a system of values and models of comportment, personal development and human perfection, frequently expressed in philosophical terms. In ancient Greece, philosophical reflection on sport was directly related to anthropology and focused on the human's whole physical, psychical and spiritual prowess and its improvement. Similar cohesion of the sport idea, philosophy and anthropology is also present in de Coubertin's heritage with its special emphasis on pedagogy. Sport carries a huge educational potential as a tool for shaping man on the somatic, mental, emotional, moral and social levels. But contemporary sport itself is infected by pathologies (actually, first signals of them were present in antiquity), which leads to violating the rule of fair play, to doping, commercialisation of sporting achievements and treating them in an instrumental manner, to the reification of sportsmen and treating the records as an ultimate fetish. In view of such phenomena, the most appropriate and effective reaction seems to take up a reference to classical ideals of the sport ethos and their incessant reinforcement in the process of nowadays education and human self-understanding. In ancient Greece, the philosophy of sport was a complementary element of the whole phenomenon, serving as its idealistic final touch, while today it is increasingly used as a preliminary condition for the practice of sport and is indispensable for a continuation and harmonious development of its tradition. Therefore, the anamnesis of cultural sources of sport is not only of historic character but also, and primarily, has a therapeutic dimension. So, it seems worthwhile and justified to return, restore and reclaim some ancient philosophical ideals that once constituted the base of Greek sport in its great connection with anthropology, a general view of human potential in physical movement. The presented text examines the concept of virtue in ancient sport and philosophy and compares it with contemporary, especially postmodern philosophical (with references to Zygmunt Bauman and Wolfgang Welsch) understanding of human prowess, well-being and beauty.

2

Vade-mecum drogami cnoty. O poetyckiej aretologii Cypriana Norwida

81%

Ziołowicz A.

Studia Norwidiana

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2021

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vol. 39

5-30

EN

This article discusses the concept and imagery of virtue in Norwid’s cycle of poems Vademecum, focusing on lyrical pieces that refer directly to this subject (“Larwa” [The Larva], “Fatum” [Fate], “Ironia” [Irony] ,“Zawody” [Disappointments], “Centaury” [Centaurs], “Królestwo” [Kingdom], “Cnót-oblicze” [Face-of-Virtues], “Bohater” [Hero], “Ideał i reformy” [Ideal and Reforms],“Fortepian Szopena” [Chopin’s Piano]). They are nevertheless considered in the light of his entire body of work and on the backdrop of ancient – Greek and Roman – as well as Christian aretology. Norwid’s poetic study of virtue remains closely connected with these traditions, but is also inspired by literature (especially Homer, Prudentius and Dante) and art (the iconography of virtue). As analyses demonstrate, an aretology that involves reflection on virtues such as valour, moderation, justice and kalokagathia constitutes an important factor that binds together Vade-mecum at the levels of the development of the lyrical subject, the epic dimension of the cycle, as well as the anthropological and ethical issues it raises. These questions facilitate better understanding of Norwid’s concept of a poet-moralist and his diagnosis regarding the crisis of humanity in the nineteenth century.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy obrazowania i koncepcji cnoty w cyklu poetyckim Vade-mecum. Przedmiot analizy stanowią utwory, w których mamy do czynienia z bezpośrednimi nawiązaniami do tej problematyki (Larwa, Fatum, Ironia, Zawody, Centaury, Królestwo, Cnót-oblicze, Bohater, Ideał i reformy, Fortepian Szopena), jednak widzianymi w kontekście całego dzieła pisarza i sytuowanymi na tle starożytnej, greckiej i rzymskiej, oraz chrześcijańskiej refleksji aretologicznej. Poetycka aretologia Norwida pozostaje w ścisłym związku z wymienionymi tradycjami, podlega również inspiracjom literackim (zwłaszcza Homer, Prudencjusz, Dante), a także artystycznym (ikonografia cnoty). Jak dowodzą przeprowadzone analizy, wątek aretologiczny, obejmujący przede wszystkim refleksję nad takimi cnotami, jak męstwo, umiarkowanie, sprawiedliwość i kalokagathia, jest ważnym czynnikiem spójności Vade-mecum (na poziomie kreacji podmiotu dzieła, w epickiej płaszczyźnie cyklu, w obrębie problematyki antropologiczno- etycznej). Jest to zespół zagadnień pozwalających lepiej zrozumieć Norwidowską koncepcję poety-moralisty oraz Norwidowską diagnozę kryzysu człowieczeństwa w XIX wieku.

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Myśl twórcy nowożytnej idei olimpijskiej Pierre’a de Coubertina w kontekście współczesnych wyzwań wychowania fizycznego dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce

58%

Gola B.

Filozoficzne Problemy Edukacji

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2021

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vol. 4

95-117

EN

The article presents the figure and views of the creator of the modern Olympic idea – Pierre de Coubertin on the phenomenon of mental overload of students and the role of sport in human development. This development was based on kalokagathia – an ancient ideal of comprehensive education. In his book Pedagogie sportive (Sport Pedagogy), the French thinker shows how physical activity and sport can influence moral, social and mental development. The reflections and postulates of the reformer of education from a century ago turn out to be up-to-date with contemporary challenges of physical education of children and youth. These include limiting the natural need for physical activity in younger students, sedentary lifestyles, hypokinesia, remote education, students’ reluctance to participate in physical education classes, lack of adequate sports infrastructure for physical activity at school, and deficiencies in health education.

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1 Filozoficzne Problemy Edukacji

1 Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

1 Studia Norwidiana

1 Gola B.

1 Ziołowicz A.

1 Zowisło M.

2 2021

1 2009

On Virtue in the Context of Sport

Vade-mecum drogami cnoty. O poetyckiej aretologii Cypriana Norwida

Myśl twórcy nowożytnej idei olimpijskiej Pierre’a de Coubertina w kontekście współczesnych wyzwań wychowania fizycznego dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce