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The stonemasonry centre in Dębnik under the management of the discalced Carmelites in Czerna

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Skrabski J.

Folia Historica Cracoviensia

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2016

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vol. 22

419-436

EN

One of the most famous centers of stonemasons’ settlement in Poland is located in a small village Dębnik near Krakow, which from 1628 years belonged to the Monastery of the Discalced Carmelites in Czerna. Carmelites dealt with the administration, leasing stone mines, obtaining stonmasons and acquiring customers. The text examines the history of the stonemasons’ settlement under the management of the Discalced Carmelites from the beginning of the seventeenth century until 1953, the administration of craft workshops, management and relations between religious and stonemasons in different historical periods.

PL

Jeden z najsłynniejszych ośrodków kamieniarskich w Polsce jest położny w niewielkiej osadzie Dębnik niedaleko Krakowa, która od 1628 roku należała do klasztoru karmelitów bosych w Czernej. Karmelici zajmowali się administracją, dzierżawą łomów kamieniarskich, pozyskiwaniem kamieniarzy oraz zleceniodawców. W tekście omówiono dzieje osady kamieniarskiej pod zarządem karmelitów bosych od początku XVII wieku do roku 1953, sposób administrowania warsztatami rzemieślniczymi, zarządzania oraz relacje między zakonnikami a kamieniarzami w różnych okresach historycznych.

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Kamień w budowlach Wieliczki

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Kuc W.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

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2014

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issue 29

99-128

EN

Buildings are the evidence of a city’s wealth. Wieliczka achieved its economic significance through the production of salt. The medieval village famous for its salt production grew in status as it received its civic rights in 1290, after commisioning the first mine shafts. Rock salt became a source of wealth and soon it was reflected in the image of the city. Probably the first solid stone building was the seat of the emerging mine›s manager and the surrounding wall. The rock material for the construction had been already well recognized. Geizes and the Lgota sandstones of lamellar structure had already been used over 200 years before on the Wawel Hill. Rocks were readily available in the nearby Biskupice. Similarly, professionals – stonemasons. Probably, the assortment of rock increased with the beginning of the fourteenth century when the construction of the western wing of „The House within the Saltworks” was started. Then Istebna sandstones from Dobczyce in the form of hewn blocks and construction components got to Wieliczka. The city further increased its importance at the reign of King Casimir the Great. This is reflected in the solid rock material which was brought for the expansion of the Saltworks Castle. The rocky and thick-bedded Upper Jurassic limestone from Krzemionki, near Kraków, was then applied on a large scale. “The beneficiary” of the building material imported to Wieliczka was also St. Clement›s Church, rebuilt from the wooden construction. These rocks are probably in its foundations and, certainly, in its pedestal. The presence of the above mentioned limestones is reflected in the tower, in the fourteenth and fifteenth-century portals, in the modern reconstruction of the walls and in the Saltworks Kitchen. In subsequent alterations of the Castle these three types of rocks were constantly used. They are visible in the stonework of the Parish Church and the bell tower of the late seventeenth century. For more fine-grained sandstone work the Carpathian and the Pińczów limestone were used; the latter could have been used in the decoration of the Morsztyn family chapel. The church, which was rebuilt after being destroyed in the 1780s, lacks the former rich stone decorations. First of all, it is noted that there is only a small proportion of the Dębno marble, a rock which was very popular in churches in Małopolska Province. However, the floor was changed three times. Currently, it is made of marble and granite and sienites. After 1772, the salt production facilities had a significant impact on the appearance of the city. Crushed limestone and porphyry were imported on a large scale. The same gravel and later porphyry cube from Miękinia and granite from the Sudety Mountains were imported for the roads. Also the Istebna sandstone pebbles (“Rabka” stones) were used. As the role of the quarry in Dobczyce diminished, more and more sandstone from Droginia and other areas of the Subcarpathian region is imported to the city. These rocks were used both in private buildings and in industrial facilities, now gradually eliminated from the panorama of the city. Today, apart from imports from abroad, the most common rocks in the stonework of the city are: the Zalas porphyry, plate and rocky limestone probably from Nielepice, the Szydłowiec sandstone, the Pińczów limestone, granite from the Sudety Mountains, “the Kielce marbles” in a fairly narrow range and a wide range of the Carpathian sandstone.

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"A co tam kogo obchodziło, gdzie on szedł i co z niego robili". Kamienie Suwalszczyzny

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Cobel-Tokarska M.

Studia Regionalne i Lokalne

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2013

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issue 1(51)

107-124

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie znaczeń i sensów wiązanych w różnych dyskursach z kamieniami Suwalszczyzny. Kamień to wszechobecny element suwalskiego pejzażu, postrzegany przez turystów i innych przybyszy z zewnątrz jako jego wyjątkowy wyróżnik. Autorka próbuje sprawdzić, czy ta wyjątkowość znajduje odzwierciedlenie w sposobie myślenia mieszkańców, czy postrzegają „swoje” kamienie pozytywnie, czy negatywnie? Druga część artykułu dotyczy wizerunku regionu prezentowanego w różnego rodzaju opracowaniach, na stronach internetowych i w innych publikacjach. Porównanie tych dwóch dyskursów – codziennego i odświętnego (skierowanego celowo na zewnątrz) pozwala pełniej rozpoznać miejsce, jakie zajmują kamienie w obrazie Suwalszczyzny.

EN

The main objective of this article is to present the way in which people from the Suwalki region perceive their coexistence with rocks, which are ubiquitous in the region and constitute a kind of its trademark. The first question is: how do local people perceive rocks, and how do they assess their presence? The second important question is how the rocks ft into the image of the region, created and distributed as a tourism product? Does their history contribute to the mysteriousness of the region which permeates touristic narratives?

Refine search results

1 Folia Historica Cracoviensia

1 Studia Regionalne i Lokalne

1 Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

1 Cobel-Tokarska M.

1 Kuc W.

1 Skrabski J.

1 2016

1 2014

1 2013

The stonemasonry centre in Dębnik under the management of the discalced Carmelites in Czerna

Kamień w budowlach Wieliczki

"A co tam kogo obchodziło, gdzie on szedł i co z niego robili". Kamienie Suwalszczyzny