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Kariery kryminalne nieletnich sprawców przestępstw

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Rzeplińska I.

Archiwum Kryminologii

2013

issue XXXV

79-94

Thirteen years ago, while conducting criminological research of juvenile delinquents within a research programme of the Ministry of Education “Juvenile delinquents in the past and today” I decided to research two groups of juvenile delinquents representative for Poland: 1. The first was juvenile delinquents tried in the courts between 1985 and 1988, the choice of files was made on the basis on their availability. According to assumptions I planned to research a representative group of cases of criminal deeds committed by juveniles and tried in criminal courts in 1980. It appeared to be impossible, files of juveniles from 1980 in 2000 when I organized research were, according to regulations, destroyed (hereinafter I use the term “80’s group”). 2. The second is a sample of a group of cases of criminal deeds committed by juveniles and tried in criminal courts in 2000 representative for Poland The main research assumption of the project of research of juvenile delinquents was to investigate and characterize juvenile crime and their social profiles. The research concerned contemporary juveniles – “2000 group” and juveniles in the past who were tried in courts between 1985 and 1989. I intended to investigate juvenile delinquents who belonged to the generation of the parents of those from “2000 group”. Yet a step backward by a generation was impossible (the files were destroyed). I decided that the object of the research will be the group of juvenile delinquents tried in juvenile courts in the 1980s. In 2010 I searched the National Criminal Registry for the records of both “1980s” and “2000 group”. Follow-up period for the latter group was 9 years. After they turned 17 (which is the age limit of legal responsibility under Polish law), from the “2000 group” tried in 2000 in juvenile courts 390 persons, that is 51,3%, were later convicted for crimes. This group, at the moment of record search, was between 20 and 28 and majority of perpetrators were between 24 and 28 – that is young adults in the period of the highest criminal activity. The group of juvenile delinquents from 1980s was 555 persons. The follow-up period was 22 to 22 years. In this group, according to National Criminal Registry information, 187 persons, that is 33,7% had a criminal record at the moment of file search, and they were be-tween 35 and 44. As far as this group is concerned, part of criminal records were erased so a part of convictions in this group remains unknown. Study of previous juvenile delinquents life histories, longitudinal study, criminal career study – these are the names of the same types of research in criminology whose main and common questions is: how many of previous juvenile delinquents commit crimes in adult life. More detailed questions are: - what is the type and significance of crime commited by previus juvenile dalinquents in their adult lives?

Nieletnie dziewczęta 10 lat później - badania katamnestyczne

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Woźniakowska-Fajst D.

Archiwum Kryminologii

2011

issue XXXIII

163-195

History of criminal studies dates back to the 1930s. However, since 1990s it has been going through a revival. Presently, it is called developmental criminology or life-course criminology. The object of the study was to trace further criminal histories of under-age girls who committed a punishable offence in 2000. Between 2003 and 2005, files of 873 under-age girls were examined . In 2010 it has been 10 years since the studied girls had a court trial. The youngest ones were 23, the oldest ones 27 – and adult women are most frequently sentenced between the age of 23 and 27. The first stage of the study was to apply to National Criminal Registry for information if the perpetrators of criminal deeds committed in 2000 broke the law within the next 10 years as adults, if they were sentenced, if so – how many times, and for what types of crimes. The second stage was to analyse the data from the Registry according to a questionnaire. The third stage was to compare the results with the data obtained previously in the study of the under-age: the crimes which had been committed as well as social and family backgrounds. Data concerning education, profession and work history are hardly present in the Reg-istry. The only information available is profession. It is impossible to obtain information how many sentenced women actually worked as adults. 7 of them (6%) declared “unemployed” so we know they were unemployed but it is unknown if they actually had any profession. Un-doubtedly more than a half of the sentenced women (52%) had no profession. Those who had a profession were cooks (9%), shop assistants (6%) and dressmakers (5%. Three persons (2,7%) were technicians (graduated from technical colleges) of economy and administration, sales, and environment protection. Most women (61%) were sentenced only once, 19 of them twice (17%). Two “record holders” were convicted 11 times during the 10 years. In the adult life, just like previously, most offences are against property. 39% are deeds of exclusively such nature, 23% are offences against property related to other types of offences (e.g. against life and health, safety in transport, documents or related to drug possession and trafficking). In total In total, 62% of crimes were against property. Second noticeable category of crimes (which was not committed by under-age girls) were crimes against transport safety (13,5%). Crimes against health and life were 13% of the overall number. Definitely more adult women than under-age girls commit crimes against document credibility (8%). There are also more punishable deeds related to drug production, trafficking and possession (7%). The study confirms legitimacy of risk factors known for a long time.

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2 Archiwum Kryminologii

1 Rzeplińska I.

1 Woźniakowska-Fajst D.

1 2013

1 2011

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Kariery kryminalne nieletnich sprawców przestępstw

Nieletnie dziewczęta 10 lat później - badania katamnestyczne