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Strusie jaja w Prusach. Z badań nad średniowieczną ikonografią maryjną

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Jurkowlaniec T.

Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

2009

vol. 71

issue 1-2

5-33

The ideological content in the decoration of the keystones in the vaulting of the central bay of the nave in the Parish Church of the Ascension of Our Lady in Chełmno is analyzed. The subjects of the presentations on some of the keystones can be hypothetically referred to the individuals living at the time of the construction of the main church body, e.g., Bishop Otton of Rewal. The symbolism of the presentation of an eagle being the symbol of John the Evangelist is associated by the Author with Pope John XXII or Johannes von Meissen. The interpretation of the effigies of four human faces is difficult – they may be the church builders or Teutonic dignitaries of the time. Four keystones feature zoomorphic motifs, i.e., signs of the Zodiac: Capricorn and CANCER; a whale (Cetus); and an Eagle (Aquilla). The religious content is attributed by the Author to a text from the Physiologus or Etymologiae by Isidore of Seville, this applying mainly to the ‘spinning’ composition of three hares – the Holy Trinity or eternity; an eagle pecking at a chick in its talons, symbolizing the aspiration of the faithful to achieve salvation; and a soaring eagle – a spiritual revival or an imperial symbol. When joining the subsequent presentations of an eagle from the southern aisle, it could be concluded that it embodies the mediaeval image of the World: God, the emperor, the pope, a bishop, and a layman. The Author points out to many keystones adorned with the effigies of strange hybrids, dragons, swans, a leaved fox’s head, an ostrich with hatching nestlings, and analyses the plant motifs.

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1 Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

1 Jurkowlaniec T.

1 2009

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Strusie jaja w Prusach. Z badań nad średniowieczną ikonografią maryjną