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Taniec to (nie) walka. Agonistyka i antagonistyka a choreografia na przykładzie turniejów rycerskich i mieszczańskich w Niemczech

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Talaga M.

Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka

2020

vol. 111

issue 4

157-173

What is dance? This is one of the key questions in dance research to which the relevant literature provides no definite answer. The classic approaches highlight the central role of movement, rhythm, and a slight excess of expressivity as the criteria for recognising a given practice as a dance. Seeking to deepen our understanding of the nature of dance, one should take a closer look at phenomena that escape or even contest the definitions accepted thus far. This article is an attempt at such an analysis of two historical European forms of martial arts, knightly tournaments and urban fencing competitions, in the late medieval and early modern Germany. Alongside their socio-cultural context their specific ‘kinetic sensitivity’ is also taken into account. The unfolding discussion leads to the central question: What made the viewers of contemporary knightly tournaments associate the opponents’ movements with a dance routine? In fact, the relevant literature began to describe them with terms derived from ballet de cour; however, they were never used to discuss the urban fencing competitions. In light of this, it is proposed to supplement the existing definitions of dance with the category of antagonistics defined here as a movement in which the essential criteria for the participants’ assessment and success, and therefore also the main driver of innovation, are not as much determined by aesthetic conventions as by factors not subject to social negotiations. Consequently, while easily encompassing the classically understood agonistics, the dance seems to end where antagonistics begins.

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Ziemiański S.

Forum Philosophicum

2006

vol. 11

95-106

This article discusses the problem of movement. The meaning of the term “movement” has undergone more changes in the course of history than any other term. The main change has been the immobilizing of movement. To show this, the author briefly presents the vicissitudes of its development from antiquity to the present. The relation between force and movement is also considered. In this matter the author follows the approach of Fr. John Dorda SJ, who proves that forces are not efficient causes, but rather formal causes. The fields of forces do not influence movement generally, but only its shape and trajectory. To illustrate this, four cases are presented and the Lorentzian equation is adduced. The problem of the ontological status of movement has been discussed at some length. It is argued that movement cannot be reduced to geometrical relations alone.

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Taniec to (nie) walka. Agonistyka i antagonistyka a choreografia na przykładzie turniejów rycerskich i mieszczańskich w Niemczech

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