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Nové Město nad Metují poloviny 16. století - české panství pod štýrskou vrchností : řízení, komunikace, hospodářský model

100%
Tikovský O., Žák P.
Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)
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2019
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vol. 10
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issue 2
105-121
EN
This case study analyses a thematically coherent set of archival records of the economic activities undertaken within the Bohemian estate of Nové Město nad Metují in the mid-16th century under the Styrian noble house of Stubenberg. The research focuses on the principles of governance under the challenging conditions of the considerable territorial distance between Styria and Bohemia, on the Lord’s role and the responsibilities of the local clerical staff in the governance of his estate, as well as on its economic model and performance. The summarized facts illustrate the significance of the Styrian noble family’s investment in purchasing the estate in Bohemia which also gradually formed a proprietary and economic platform for the Stubenbergs’ further penetration into the structures of the Bohemian nobility.
2
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Zahájení "české války" v kontextu vládního bankrotu roku 1615:

86%
Vorel P.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2020
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vol. 118
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issue 4
893-963
EN
This study deals with the issue of the new tax law, which was adopted by the Bohemian Provincial Assembly in 1615. In the older literature, this is interpreted as a strategic mistake and weakness of the Bohemian estate opposition, which voluntarily gave in to the emperor’s request and approved the collection of high taxes to repay the monarch’s debts for 5 years (1616– 1620). Based on the preserved sources, the author arrives at a different interpretation and considers the decision of the Provincial Assembly a form of state bankruptcy, which devalued part of the credit assets of a wide range of the monarch’s creditors who did not have Bohemian citizenship. The Provincial Assembly, as the state body controlled by the estates, seized the monarch’s land and established its own central tax office, whose task was to collect current taxes and older arrears (since 1597) and subsequently to use this money independently of the monarch’s financial institutions in accordance with budget appropriation of taxes. As a result, the royal court was cut off from most revenues from Bohemian taxes, which until then formed a decisive part of the court’s income. The author considers these circumstances to be one of the main reasons that led the elected heir to the throne, Ferdinand of Styria, to begin a military campaign in Bohemia in the summer of 1618. His main goal was to control financial resources; the religious-political crisis and the defenestration of the Bohemian governors in May were a suitable pretext for this intervention aimed at the control of economic resources of the Czech Lands.
3
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Role šlechty v utváření evangelické církevní organizace v Čechách a na Moravě před rokem 1620:

86%
Hrdlička J., Miller S.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2020
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vol. 118
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issue 4
1018-1063
EN
Based on the edited accessible Evangelical church orders issued between 1520 and 1620 for the Bohemian and Moravian noble estates, the study analyses the role of the nobility in both crown lands in the shaping of the evangelical church organisation. It deals with the building of a higher level of evangelical ecclesiastical administration on the estates of reformminded aristocrats. It devotes greater attention to the role of the nobility in the efforts for the constitution of the new evangelical organisations, which emerged in some parts of Moravia in the last third of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries and affected a wider territory. The impulse for these endeavours in Moravia was the decline of the power of the Prague Utraquist consistory. In the case of the Kingdom of Bohemia, the study notes the efforts of the non-Catholic estates to renew supervision over the consistory, which they had lost in the middle of the 16th century and were only able to regain in 1609.
4
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Falcká diplomacie mezi Heidelberkem, Mnichovem a Prahou na počátku českého stavovského povstání:

72%
Bůžek V., Miller S.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2020
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vol. 118
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issue 4
964-999
EN
The opponents of Catholicism in the Holy Roman Empire already took an interest in the religious opinions and political positions of the non-Catholic nobility in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the first decades of the 17th century. Among them, the Electors of the Palatinate occupied a decisive place, who transformed their seat in Heidelberg into a centre of Calvinism and leading the Protestant Union. A few years before the outbreak of the Bohemian Revolt, the Elector of the Palatinate Frederick V sought to ensure that his diplomats established personal ties with the main representatives of non-Catholic estates in the Kingdom of Bohemia, because he expected them to support the Union’s anti-Habsburg policy. After the Prague defenestration, he used his diplomats to find a non-violent solution to the religious conflict between the Bohemian non-Catholics and the Habsburg monarch. The decisive role of power in his diplomatic considerations was played by the Duke of Bavaria Maximilian I. Although he temporarily disbanded the Catholic League, his residence in Munich remained a solid pillar of Catholicism in the Holy Roman Empire. Before the outbreak of the Bohemian Revolt, the political communication between Heidelberg, Munich and Prague was most significantly influenced by the governor of Upper Palatinate Christian I of Anhalt-Bernburg, whose steps were followed by Ludwig Camerarius and Achaz von Dohna. Despite the gaps in the preserved sources, it was possible not only to recognise the indi- vidual steps of the mentioned Palatinate diplomats and their influence on the political decision-making of the main representatives of the non-Catholic estates of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Duke of Bavaria but through a discursive and semantic analysis of the diplomatic documents also to look into their thought-world.
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