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The literature of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – characteristics of the Tatar writings and areas of research

100%
Lewicka M.
Journal of Language and Cultural Education
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2016
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vol. 4
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issue 1
1-16
EN
The literature of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania constitutes the most important and richest part of their cultural heritage, as well as a lasting trace of Tatar settlements in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The literature that flourished during the spiritual revival of the Renaissance and Reformation somewhere in the seemingly God-forsaken, remote Eastern Borderlands has not been forgotten; on the contrary, it has been recognised as a unique phenomenon of great spiritual, literary and cultural value. This phenomenon manifests itself in the extraordinary combination of the Oriental Islamic culture and Christian culture, two components that appear to be mutually exclusive but are in fact in perfect harmony with each other, both in the life of society and in the literary works of Polish-Lithuanian Tatars. The paper is dedicated to literary manuscripts of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, including their genesis at the background of the Tatar settlement in the territory of the Republic of Poland, characteristic features and typology of the manuscripts on the basis of the criteria of form and content. Furthermore, the author discusses the research areas, beginning with the description of the state of research on Tatar manuscripts from the point of view, through the characteristics of the current research on this matter, as well as reporting the institutions running and coordinating the interdisciplinary and international activities within the scope of the research, editing and popularization of the issues connected with the kitabistics.
2
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Piśmiennictwo religijne Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego jako oryginalne źródło do badań polszczyzny północnokresowej

88%
Kulwicka-Kamińska J.
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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2017
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vol. 24
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issue 2
85-110
PL
The religious writings of the Tatars constitute a valuable source for philological research due to the presence of heretofore unexplored grammatical and lexical layers of the north borderland Polish language of the 16th-20th centuries and due to the interference-related and transfer-related processes in the context of Slavic languages and Slavic-Oriental contacts. Therefore the basis for linguistic analyses is constituted by one of the most valuable monuments of this body of writing – the first translation of the Quran into a Slavic language in the world (probably representing the north borderland Polish language), which assumed the form of a tefsir. The source of linguistic analyses is constituted by the Olita tefsir, which dates back to 1723 (supplemented and corrected in the 19th century). On the basis of the material that was excerpted from this work the author presents both borderland features described in the subject literature and tries to point the new or only sparsely confirmed facts in the history of the Polish language, including the formation of the north borderland Polish language on the Belarusian substrate. Research involves all levels of language – the phonetic-phonological, morphological, syntactic and the lexical-semantic levels.
3
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Wielopoziomowe relacje między literaturą religijną Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego a przekładami Biblii na języki narodowe

75%
Kulwicka-Kamińska J.
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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2018
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vol. 25
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issue 2
189-206
EN
The article presents the genesis and the features of the Renaissance religious writings of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the context of the translations of the Bible into national languages. An analysis was performed on a Tatar tefsir, which – according to the most recent research – is a translation of the Qur’an into a European language – the third translation of this kind in the world. Due to the fact that in the 16th century a Polish and even a European Qur’anic translational tradition did not exist, this translation makes reference to the Biblical-psalter literature of the Middle Ages and to the translations of the Scripture of the Reformation, inter alia as far as the selection of the methods and the ways of translation or the adoption of specific translational solutions is concerned. Thus the translation belongs to the translational tradition of sacred books and to the most important trends of Polish and European culture. In this context, a medieval tradition (a continuation of the achievements of translation studies of the 15th c.) and the innovation of the Renaissance overlap. There is an analogy with the 16th-century Biblical printed texts, which also represent a transitional stage – they make reference to a medieval tradition and they also take advantage of the benefits of humanist Biblical studies.
4
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Projekt Tefsir – wydanie krytyczne XVI-wiecznego przekładu Koranu na język polski

63%
Kulwicka-Kamińska J.
Nurt SVD
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2017
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issue 2
208-223
PL
Przedmiotem opisu jest autorski projekt Czesława Łapicza i Joanny Kulwickiej-Kamińskiej, realizowany w ramach Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki, pt. Tefsir – projekt filologiczno-historycznego opracowania oraz krytycznego wydania tzw. tefsiru Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego z 2 połowy XVI w. (pierwszego przekładu Koranu na język polski). Celem projektu jest opracowanie i edycja tefsirów Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Księgi typu tefsir to trzeci na świecie (po łacińskim i włoskim) przekład Koranu na język europejski, a zarazem pierwszy przekład tej księgi na język słowiański – polszczyznę północnokresową. Powstał prawdopodobnie w II połowie XVI wieku, wpisując się w europejską biblijną tradycję przekładową co do metod tłumaczenia oraz przyjętych rozwiązań translatorskich. Należy do materialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Dziedzictwo to tworzą zabytki piśmiennictwa religijnego powstałe w wielokulturowej Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów – w środowisku muzułmanów żyjących w otoczeniu chrześcijańskim.
EN
The article presents the in-house project of Czesław Łapicz and Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska, conducted under the National Programme for the Development of the Humanities: Tefsir – Philological and Historical Study and Critical Edition of the so-called Tefsir of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Second Half of the 16th Century (the first translation of Koran into Polish). The objective of the Project is the study and edition of the tefsirs of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. These were the third ever translations of Koran into European languages (after Latin and Italian), and the first one into a Slavic language, that is, Polish spoken around the northern edges of the country. It probably comes from the second half of the 16th century. It was done according to the European, biblical tradition of translating foreign texts. The work belongs to the material and cultural heritage of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It is one of prime examples of the literary and religious traditions of Muslims living among Christians in the multicultural environment of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Piśmiennictwo religijne Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego jako źródło badań historycznojęzykowych

51%
Kulwicka-Kamińska J.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2018
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vol. 74
93-106
PL
Przedmiotem opisu są pochodzące z okresu od XVI do XX w. zabytki piśmiennictwa religijnego Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Należą do nich księgi podstawowe: rękopisy Koranu, tefsiry, kitaby, chamaiły; księgi pomocnicze: sufry, tedżwidy, wokabularze; amulety: hramotki, daławary, nuski, tablice, muhiry. Zabytki te powstawały w wielokulturowej i wielojęzycznej Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, w środowisku muzułmanów, żyjących w warunkach diaspory w otoczeniu chrześcijańskim. Miało to wpływ na wielowarstwowość tatarskiej twórczości, w tym na jej multilingwizm, czyli obecność języków orientalnych oraz słowiańskich zapisanych alfabetem arabskim. Inną cechą wskazującą na wielosegmentowość tatarskich ksiąg jest łączenie różnych tradycji religijnych i przekładowych. Stąd wskazuje się na związek tych zabytków z literaturą biblijno-psałterzową europejskiego średniowiecza i renesansu oraz z tureckimi tefsirami. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje fakt, że Tatarzy już w XVI w. dokonali trzeciego na świecie przekładu Koranu na język słowiański, tj. polszczyznę północnokresową.
EN
The object of description are the 16th—20th-century religious writings of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, literary monuments, which include basic books: manuscripts from the Quran, tefsirs, kitabs, chamails; auxiliary books: sufras, tajwids, vocabularies; and amulets: hramotkas, dalavars, nuskas, tables, muhirs. They were written in the multicultural and multilingual Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in the community of Muslims, who formed a diaspora in a Christian environment. This contributed to the Tatar works being multilayered and multilingual, which is reflected in the presence of Oriental and Slavic languages written in the Arabic script. The combining of various religious traditions and translation methods makes the Tatar books multisegmental and it is argued that they are related to the Biblical-psaltic literary tradition of the European Middle Ages and Renaissance, and to the Turkish tefsirs. Worthy of emphasis is the fact that already in the 16th century the Tatars translated the Quran into a Slavic language, a dialect of Polish used in the North Borderland, and it was the third translation of Quran in the world.
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