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Szanowni Czytelnicy!

100%

Gawlicki M.

Ochrona Zabytków

2009

issue 1

3-4

Dear Readers! For over a year the National Heritage Board o f Boland has been conducting work associated with a verif ication o f the register o f historical monuments. In this way, we wish to assist voivodeship conservators o f monuments in bringing up to date data contained in the register o f historical monuments and preparing a resource o f information accessible on digital carriers, which is then introduced into an electronic database. An important element oj this process is devising a standard o f a contemporary description o f historical values. We would like to carry out this process upon the basis of a wide spectre o f such values as well as to benefit from experiences connected with the protection o f sites included onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. The most recent issue o f "Ochrona Zabytków" presents a fragment o f this complex problem, exemplified by an important domain o f the historical heritage, i.e. the monuments o f technology. I am firmly convinced that the rules presented in the copious article on the topic can be applied also to other domains o f the historical resource. In addition, I draw attention to the extensive gamut of assessments and the necessity o f devising such a method o f conduct that in praxis will make it possible to reach an objective assessment o f the value of historical resources and its precise description, and thus will allow a significant improvement o f the practical standards o f the protection o f historical monuments. A prominent supplementation o f the mentioned undertakings can include a f requently unnoticed area o f civic activity, which should eff ectively support the protection o f historical monuments. We discuss this question upon the basis o f experiences connected with the Foundation for the Development o f Local Democracy. The titles o f the awarded projects: Neighbours for neighbours and "Open gardens demonstrate the status and values o f local cultural space. Traditionally, we have tried to portray secrets concealed behind the walls o f numerous Polish highest rank monuments. This time, I would like to invite you to the Bernardine monastery in Leżajsk. The discovery o f murals embellishing the walls o f the novitiate celts comprises a fundamental principle o f the necessity to carry out professional research preceding all planned conservation initiatives. Under more than ten layers o f paint, for centuries patiently placed by the inhabitants o f the monastery, researchers perceived and unearthed excellent murals. Today, we may admire the beauty and expression o f the depicted figures, the emblems o f death, Satan and the angels as well as many other images carrying a stirring spiritual message. The walls o f the cells depict sprawling landscapes as well as floral and geometrical ornaments. Since interiors continue to serve the residents o f the monastery, it seems even more worthwhile to profit from our publication and to take a look into the formerly closed cells, even i f for only a moment. It gives me pleasure to invite you to become acquainted with the presented issue. I wish you very pleasant reading. R espectfu lly you rs Marcin Gawlicki Director o f the National Heritage Board o f Poland

KONSERWACJA XVII-WIECZNYCH MALOWIDEŁ W CELACH NOWICJACKICH KLASZTORU OJCÓW BERNARDYNÓW W LEŻAJSKU

75%

Obruśnik A. E.

Ochrona Zabytków

2009

issue 1

12-37

One of the essential recent phenomena in the conservation of historical monuments in Poland was the discovery of seventeenth-century murals in the novitiate cells of the Bernardine monastery in Leżajsk. The murals embellish seven interiors with a cross vault, placed along a second- -storey corridor of the western wing of the building. For centuries they had been concealed under later layers lime, sand-lime finish, paint and plaster. The characterstic feature of the murals is great stylistic diversity. The themes of the figural depictions are religious or allegoric, accompanied by plant-geometrical inscriptions. The south wall of cell no. 1 is decorated with traces of a landscape sequence including a figure of a monk, while the west wall – with a drawing of a monk and on the window embrasure – a monogram of the Holy Family. The north wall features the Madonna and Child surrounded by angels, a town panorama and, in many places, fragments of geometric ornaments. The east wall of cell no. 2 displays horizontally arranged lines, a figure of St. Margaret and within the door embrasures – the Golgotha with a figure of Satan and an emblem of death. The south wall contains a figural and genre scene as well as a wreath with the monogram ”IHS”. The west wall features a symbol of the Name of Mary and an outline of a clock. The north wall is decorated with a text of a prayer, fragments of a wreath, a genre scene and a figure of a man. Cell no. 3 displays a predominance of geometrical ornaments. The west wall shows the contour of a Latin cross and a figure of Franciscan, the west wall – a figure of a (statuesque) woman, and the south and north walls – inscriptions and individual figural accents as well as monograms of the names of Jesus and Mary. The east wall of cell no. 4 is adorned with a painted portal, a cornice and a motif of flowers in vases. The upper part of the south wall preserved fragments of inscriptions and a radial gloria with the monogram “IHIS”. The motifs on the west wall include the Golgotha, a clock face and three rosettes. The upper part of the north wall contains a Marian emblem surrounded with a nimbus and flanked by bouquets of flowers in vases, while the lower part is composed of a scene with a monk portraying in front of a cross. In cell no. 5 angels had been painted above the door, with an allegory of death to the left of the door, a figure of monk and an owl within the door embrasures, and the Crucifixion encircled by relics of lesser scenes. The west wall preserved a depiction of the five wounds of Christ while the north wall features fragments of angels and the emblem ”IHS”. Each wall has an inscription along the ceiling arch. The east wall in cell no. 6 is covered with figural, plant-ornament motifs, inscriptions and monograms of Christ and the Mother of God. The left door embrasure is embellished with a figure of a Franciscan, while the south wall has a Marian monogram encircled with a decorative rosette, a wreath, a Latin inscription and lesser monograms. Similar elements are to be found on the west wall. The upper part of the north wall shows two monograms of Christ, a Marian monogram and a monogram of St. Joseph, while the lower one – two wall hangings, a rosette and lesser monograms and genre scenes. In cell no. 7 murals are extant on the east wall. Legible elements include the inscription ”MEMENTO MORI”, fragments of plant-geometrical ornaments and architectural motifs. The murals were executed in the al secco technique. Due to extensive gaps produced by repairs, redesigning and mechanical damage, their state of preservation is highly unsatisfactory. The examination revealed 23 technological strata and 14 chronological ones. The first stage of conservation consisted of disclosing the murals, their fixation, the removal of putties and the reinforcement of the structure of the base as well as supplementing, cleaning and introducing the uniform colour of the original plaster. In the case of certain gaps conservators applied retouching. Niches in the north walls and window embrasures were restored in all cells. The mural in cell no. 1 on the left door embrasure was lifted off the wall by means of the stacco method due to threats connected with repairconstruction undertakings. A fragment with a mural on the east wall to the left of the door in cell no. 3 was removed in a similar way and placed on the west wall. After the conservation, the group stratigraphy of the murals revealed eight technological layers. The titular murals deserve further thorough studies.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Gawlicki M.

1 Obruśnik A. E.

2 2009

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Szanowni Czytelnicy!

KONSERWACJA XVII-WIECZNYCH MALOWIDEŁ W CELACH NOWICJACKICH KLASZTORU OJCÓW BERNARDYNÓW W LEŻAJSKU