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Transformation of Employment Structures in Poland - Servitization of Economy

100%

Kotlorz D., Skórska A.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

2013

vol. 8

issue 2

93-108

Transformation of the Polish economy and the related process of reallocation of labour resources have been progressing since the beginning of the 1990s, but their growth is insufficient. The current level of development of the service sector does not constitute an adequate alternative to diminishing employment in the so-called declining heavy industries, which were dominant in the Polish economy for many years. Given that a more dynamic growth in the services sector can contribute to the labour market balancing alleviating the unemployment problem, not only by the absorption of people laid off from the restructuring industrial enterprises but also by providing new jobs for young people, it is necessary to increase consistently the share of modern section services in GDP and total employ-ment.Increasing employment and created added value in modern, knowledge-based services are consistent with the direction of changes observed in the developed countries.In Poland, the employment is steadily increasing in services related to real estate and businesses, financial and insurance services, particularly in IT services. The knowledge embodied in products and technologies and highly skilled labour resources determines the innovativeness of the economy, providing a source of growth and competitiveness. Therefore, the direction and pace of these changes are important.One of the possibilities of further service sector development in Poland is the offshoring of business services. The created BPO and KPO centres allow for the absorption of high-quality labour resources, including university graduates, whose numbers are increasing from year to year. This is even more important as in the long time span the sector development and created jobs will increasingly be based on the human factor and the skills possessed by employees rather than on lower labour costs compared with other locations

Usługi biznesowe oparte na wiedzy a innowacyjność przedsiębiorstw przetwórczych w krajach Unii Europejskiej

63%

Wyszkowska-Kuna J.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

2017

vol. 290

issue 4

99-120

The aim of this article is to examine the innovation performance of manufacturing companies across the European Union and their use of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) as measured by the number of patent applications. Methodology of this research concentrates on the use of comparative analysis and the rank correlation. The study is based on data from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) and Eurostat. It covers EU countries in the 1995–2012 period. The study results show that manufacturing companies in EU15 countries were more intensive and more innovative in terms of KIBS in the study period than manufacturing companies in EU12 countries. There is a positive, statistically significant correlation between KIBS intensity in both the broad and narrow sense and the number of patent applications filed by manufacturing companies. A stronger correlation occurred with respect to KIBS in the narrow sense and in more technologically advanced sectors. The findings of the study have potential implications for innovation policy, which is currently focused on supporting R&D activities. The study shows that, in order to strengthen the innovativeness of manufacturing companies, it is necessary to support not only R&D activities but also the development of KIBS companies and the innovation systems they help create.

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie poziomu wykorzystania KIBS (knowledge-intensive business services) i efektów działalności innowacyjnej, mierzonej za pomocą liczby zgłoszeń patentowych, w przedsiębiorstwach z działów przetwórczych. W badaniu wykorzystano analizę porównawczą oraz korelację rang. Wykorzystano dane z bazy WIOD (World Input-Output Database) i Eurostatu. Badaniem objęto przedsiębiorstwa z krajów UE w latach 1995–2012. Wykazano, że kraje UE-15 charakteryzowały się większym poziomem wykorzystania KIBS i innowacyjności niż kraje UE-12. Istnieje dodatnia, statystycznie istotna zależność między wydatkami na zakup KIBS, zarówno definiowanymi szeroko, jak i wąsko, a liczbą zgłoszeń patentowych w firmach przetwórczych. Silniejsza zależność występowała w przypadku wydatków na KIBS definiowane wąsko, a ponadto w działach bardziej zaawansowanych technologicznie. Wyniki te mają potencjalne implikacje dla polityki innowacyjnej, która obecnie skoncentrowana jest na wspieraniu działalności B+R. Badanie wykazało, że aby wzmocnić innowacyjność przedsiębiorstw przetwórczych wskazane jest również wsparcie dla rozwoju przedsiębiorstw świadczących KIBS oraz systemów innowacji z ich udziałem.

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1 Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

1 Olsztyn Economic Journal

1 Kotlorz D.

1 Skórska A.

1 Wyszkowska-Kuna J.

1 2017

1 2013

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Transformation of Employment Structures in Poland - Servitization of Economy

Usługi biznesowe oparte na wiedzy a innowacyjność przedsiębiorstw przetwórczych w krajach Unii Europejskiej