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EN
This article provides a prosopographic analysis of careers pursued by Polish female historians who acquired the status of independent scholars in the era of the Polish People’s Republic. In her survey of seven Polish universities: four founded after the Second World War and three older ones, the author tries to establish what influence on female historians’ careers was exerted by such factors as social background, political views, scholarly interests, academic achievements and gender prejudices. The juxtaposition of the newly established universities with the older and more prestigious ones has served to verify the thesis that the new universities provided better career opportunities for women.
PL
Studium niniejsze jest prozopograficzną analizą karier naukowych polskich historyczek, które w PRL uzyskały samodzielność naukową. Analizując środowisko naukowe siedmiu uniwersytetów: czterech utworzonych tuż po wojnie (Uniwersytet Łódzki, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Uniwersytet Wrocławski i Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej) i trzech o dłuższej tradycji (Uniwersytet Warszawski, Uniwersytet Jagielloński i Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza), autorka zastanawia się, jaki wpływ na tempo awansu naukowego historyczek miały takie czynniki jak: pochodzenie społeczne, poglądy polityczne, zainteresowania badawcze i dorobek naukowy, a także uprzedzenia płciowe środowiska akademickiego. Porównanie uczelni nowo powstałych i prestiżowych służyło ponadto weryfikacji hipotezy o większej możliwości awansu na nowych uniwersytetach.
EN
The paper presents the interruptions to the biographical trajectories of six women persecuted in different periods during the communist regime in Bulgaria in order to outline the common features as well the specificity of their cases: two former leading feminists: Julia Malinova (Julia Jakovlevna Schneider – President of the Bulgarian Women’s Union until 1926, Dimitrana Ivanova, President 1926–1944), two members of the Oppositional (Nikola Petkov’s) Bulgarian Agrarian Party (Rayna Lapardova and Tsvetana Tsacheva), two scientists from the Turkish minority in Bulgaria Mefkure Mollova and Hayriye Memova). The paper presents the documentation on these women and their political and academic activities, and the deficits of information, as well as the radical interruptions to their lifestyles, careers, family life, and social ties, and social integration of these women. The research is based on documents from personal finds, the women’s publications, documents from the secret archives of the State Security, memories, and personal testimonies.
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