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Terapia i odmowa terapii – autobiograficzne narracje „postenerdowskie” lat ostatnich. Eugen Ruge i Marion Brasch

100%
Helbig-Mischewski B.
Autobiografia. Literatura. Kultura. Media
|
2013
|
issue 1
51–68
PL
Powieści autobiograficzne o dzieciństwie i młodości w NRD, o konfliktach międzypokoleniowych, tragediach rodzinnych, do których przyczyniły się funkcjonujące w tym społeczeństwie zakłamania i tabu, jak również o kryzysie tożsamościowym związanym ze zjednoczeniem, przeżywają w ostatnich latach okres rozkwitu, ich popularność wzrosła jeszcze od 2006 roku, po wydaniu przez Uwe Tellkampa powieści Der Turm [Wieża]. Autorka analizuje porównawczo dwie wydane w 2011 roku powieści autobiograficzne, które zyskały dużą popularność: In Zeiten des abnehmenden Lichts [W czasach ubywającego światła] Eugena Ruge, tłumacza Czechowa, syna znanego enerdowskiego historyka, który wiele lat spędził w sowieckich łagrach, oraz Ab jetzt ist Ruhe [Od teraz ma być spokój] Marion Ruge, moderatorki radiowej, córki byłego ministra kultury NRD, siostry znanych pisarzy. Autor i autorka mają korzenie wielokulturowe, są dziećmi tragicznie rozdartych komunistów, piszą z pozycji tego, który „przeżył”. Okazuje się, że powieść Ruge, brutalnie konfrontująca czytelnika z prawdą psychologiczną przedstawianych postaci, kompozycyjnie i stylistycznie nawiązuje do narracyjnych schematów mitycznych i spełnia ważną funkcję terapeutyczną. Inaczej książka Brasch, nieukładająca się w żaden mit, także w mit terapeutyczny, która jednak w przekornej, subwersywnej lekturze ujawnia interesujące podteksty.
DE
Autobiographische Romane, die über Kindheit – und Jugendzeit in der DDR berichten, Generationenkonflikte und Familientragödien, Verlogenheit und Tabus dieser Zeit, aber auch die Identitätskrise nach der Vereinigung Deutschlands reflektieren, erleben in den letzten Jahren ihre Blütezeit. Ihre Popularität stieg noch seit der Veröffentlichung des Romans von Uwe Tellkamp Der Turm. Die Verfasserin analysiert vergleichend zwei 2011 erschienene erfolgreiche autobiographische Romane: In Zeiten des abnehmenden Lichts von Eugen Ruge (Tschechow-Übersetzer, Sohn eines bekannten DDR-Historikers, der viele Jahre in sowjetischen Lagern verbrachte) und Ab jetzt ist Ruhe von Marion Brasch (Radiomoderatorin, Tochter eines ehemaligen Kulturministers der DDR, Schwester von bekannten Schriftstellern). Beide Autoren sind Kinder von Kommunisten, beide haben nicht nur deutsche Wurzeln, beide schreiben aus der Position des Überlebenden. Es zeigt sich, dass der Roman von Ruge, der den Leser brutal mit der psychologischen Wahrheit seiner Figuren konfrontiert, in kompositioneller und stilistischer Hinsicht an mythische narrative Muster anknüpft und eine wichtige therapeutische Funktion erfüllt. Anders das Buch von Brasch, das sich zu keinem Mythos zusammenfügen lässt, auch nicht in einem therapeutischen. Erst in einer subversiven, „trotzigen“ Lektüre offenbart der Text interessante unterschwellige Botschaften.
2
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Konflikt młodzi – starzy w łonie drugiej emigracji niepodległościowej (na przykładzie środowiska londyńskiego w latach 1949–1966). Część II

100%
Moczkodan R.
Tematy i Konteksty
|
2018
|
vol. 13
|
issue 8
304-330
EN
Transgenerational conflicts, complaints of the representatives of the older generation on the younger one, objections put forward by the latter to the former are phenomena equally common and, one may say, everlasting (even Plato complained about the Athens youth). War emigrants who found their places in the West of Europe right after they finished their active participation in fights, most frequently left their homeland as mature and well-shaped people. They were assumed as the „old” generation. They were accompanied by children and the youth who got their education in the foreign land, started employment, settled families and also took their first steps on the cultural ground. They were assumed as the „young” generation. Taking these names into quotation marks is justified by their large conventionality, their instability and changeability in time. As I will attempt to prove in this text, the line separating the „old” from the :young” did not only refer to their dates of birth and the age line of division did not definitely settle the whole matter. It was so the more that part of the „young” also took active part in fight and after its ending despite the “old’s” expectations did not share their views and convictions. This problem being connected with others such as the relation to the past and history, relations with the homeland, patriotism and relations to Polishness1 is wide and multithread enough that there is no way to present it in its entirety. Thus I am going to focus on its part which seems to me particularly important for understanding socio-mental relations and structures of the second independence emigration. The subject of my reflection will be texts and speeches showing this conflict which appeared in the circle of published in London students’ journals in years 1949-1966 around which the later poets’ group Continents was established. This outlinepresents the chronological order of the conflict, the evolution of the way of thinking of both sides, the most important points of ignition and most visible differences and divisions revealed in this conflict. Due to richness of materials and problems requiring discussion this text has been divided into two parts. The first part comprises years 1949-1954. At that time the conflict emerged and unusually dynamically it developed leading to a clear difference between emigration generations (as it will be shown in the second part of the outline four stages of the conflict can be distinguished in this period). The second part begins with presenting the events of 1955 when the definite division between the „old” and the „young” happened. It is mainly about the November events in Manchester which can be viewed as the climax of the conflict and which initiatedits fall. Discussing it along with the division into two phases (the fifth and sixth) endswith a summary and conclusions concerning the course of the conflict.
3
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Konflikt młodzi – starzy w łonie drugiej emigracji niepodległościowej (na przykładzie środowiska londyńskiego w latach 1949–1966). Część I

100%
Moczkodan R.
Tematy i Konteksty
|
2017
|
vol. 12
|
issue 7
258-282
EN
Transgenerational conflicts, complaints of the representatives of the older generation on the younger one, objections put forward by the latter to the former are phenomena equally common and, one may say, everlasting (even Plato complained about the Athens youth). War emigrants who found their places in the West of Europe right after they finished their active participation in fights, most frequently left their homeland as mature and well-shaped people. They were assumed as the “old” generation. They were accompanied by children and the youth who got their education in the foreign land, started employment, settled families and also took their first steps on the cultural ground. They were assumed as the “young” generation. Taking these names into quotation marks is justified by their large conventionality, their instability and changeability in time. As I will attempt to prove in this text, the line separating the “old” from the “young” did not only refer to their dates of birth and the age line of division did not definitely settle the whole matter. It was so the more that part of the “young” also took active part in fight and after its ending despite the “old’s” expectations did not share their views and convictions. This problem being connected with others such as the relation to the past and history, relations with the homeland, patriotism and relations to Polishness1 is wide and multithread enough that there is no way to present it in its entirety. Thus I am going to focus on its part which seems to me particularly important for understanding socio-mental relations and structures of the second independence emigration. The subject of my reflection will be texts and speeches showing this conflict which appeared in the circle of published in London students’ journals in years 1949-1966 around which the later poets’ group Continents was established. This outline presents the chronological order of the conflict, the evolution of the way of thinking of both sides, the most important points of ignition and most visible differences and divisions revealed in this conflict. Due to richness of materials and problems requiring discussion this text has been divided into two parts. The first part comprises years 1949-1954. At that time the conflict emerged and unusually dynamically it developed leading to a clear difference between emigration generations (as it will be shown in the second part of the outline four stages of the conflict can be distinguished in this period). The second part begins with presenting the events of 1955 when the definite division between the „old” and the „young” happened. It is mainly about the November events in Manchester which can be viewed as the climax of the conflict and which initiated its fall. Discussing it along with the division into two phases (the fifth and sixth) ends with a summary and conclusions concerning the course of the conflict.
4
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SOLIDARNOŚĆ MIĘDZYPOKOLENIOWA W STARZEJĄCYM SIĘ ŚWIECIE – PERSPEKTYWY I ZAGROŻENIA

88%
Woźniak Z.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
|
2012
|
vol. 74
|
issue 3
21-63
EN
The subject of the paper is intergenerational solidarity that sociologists have always believed to be the essence of community life, and which has now become an urgent problem for the society and a challenge to the authorities. A review of theoretical opinions as well as an analysis of international results of the research in the subject suggest a greater probability of solidarity and a lower risk of intergenerational conflict at both, the social micro as well as macro levels. The discovered social potential requires a political task framework, which means that geriatric programs aimed at meeting the needs of the ageing population and satisfying the expectations of senior citizens must be developed and implemented. However, those directions and proposed solutions of the state’s social policy must first obtain wide social approval. This is not an easy task while ageing, Poland and states similar to Poland will have to cope with legal and institutional solutions of the past as well as serious social problems that are deeply rooted in those countries’ limited economic resources. Hence priority must be given to the thorough reconstruction of the regime and novel solutions in the social and economic policy. The building of social approval for long-term and far-reaching reforms of the social security policy may be further impeded by the fact that the imminence of those reforms is not yet fully recognised and appreciated, and the expected benefits from such reforms to an individual are not fully apprehended.
PL
Przedmiotem analizy jest solidarność międzypokoleniowa, która dla socjologów zawsze była istotą życia zbiorowego, a stała się najbardziej palącym problemem współczesnego społeczeństwa i wyzwaniem dla władzy. Dokonany przegląd stanowisk teoretycznych oraz wyników badań międzynarodowych skłania do przyjęcia tezy zakładającej większe prawdopodobieństwo solidarności i mniejsze ryzyko konfliktu międzypokoleniowego na poziomie mikro- i makrospołecznym. Ujawniony potencjał społeczny wymaga obudowy polityczno-realizacyjnej – konieczne jest zatem przygotowanie i wdrożenie programów gerontologicznych, a opisane wyzwania i kierunki w polityce społecznej wobec starości i wobec seniorów wymagają społecznej zgody na proponowane rozwiązania. Nie jest i nie będzie to zadanie łatwe, takie bowiem kraje, jak Polska, starzejąc się, zmagać się muszą równocześnie ze spuścizną rozwiązań instytucjonalnych i prawnych poprzedniego ustroju oraz z wieloma poważnymi problemami społecznymi mającymi u podłoża ubóstwo, przebudowę struktur ustrojowych, tworzenie nowych rozwiązań w polityce gospodarczej i społecznej. Jedną z istotnych przeszkód w budowaniu społecznej aprobaty zmian i rozwiązań długookresowych i wspierania koniecznych reform w systemie zabezpieczenia społecznego jest także brak zrozumienia ich konieczności i spodziewanych korzyści dla pojedynczego człowieka.
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