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Nieznany epizod II wojny światowej. Sowiecka okupacja Suwalszczyzny 24 IX – 6 X 1939 r. jako studium przypadku

100%
Jasiewicz K.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2018
|
vol. 50
|
issue 4
EN
Okupacyjno-wojenna historia Suwałk i Suwalszczyzny kojarzona jest wyłącznie z agresją niemiecką i późniejszą przynależnością do III Rzeszy. Pierwotnie owe terytorium znalazło się jednak pod okupacją sowiecką. Tak stanowił pakt Ribbentrop-Mołotow z 23 VIII 1939 r. Artykuł opisuje działania militarne strony sowieckiej oraz postawy miejscowej ludności, zróżnicowanej pod względem etnicznym i konfesyjnym. W opisywanym regionie na początku wojny nie dochodziło do konfliktów charakterystycznych dla polskich Kresów Wschodnich, co umożliwia przeprowadzenie badań bez późniejszych naleciałości spowodowanych długotrwałą okupacją sowiecką. The war and occupation history of Suwałki and Suwałki region is associated almost exclusively with the German aggression and the later annexation of this territory to the Third Reich. Initially, however, the area was under the Soviet occupation, according to the provisions of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact of 23 August 1939. The article describes military operations of the Soviets and attitudes of the local population, diverse both in terms of ethnicity and religion. At the beginning of the war there were no conflicts in the analysed region, characteristic of the Polish Eastern Frontiers, which allows us to conduct research with no later influences resulting from the long Soviet occupation.
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Problemy narodowościowe i wyznaniowe w kontekście szkolnictwa konfesyjnego w Bielsku (Bielsku-Białej) w XX wieku

70%
Bujakowski M.
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
|
2019
|
vol. 56
11-26
EN
The article deals with the issues of religious education, its transformations and geopolitical and ethnic conditions in Bielsko (Bielsko-Biała). It presents the ethnic structure of the city at the time when Poland regained independence as well as subsequent changes that took place during the interwar period and after the Second World War. Once in Poland, Bielsko embarked upon an accelerated process of Polonisation, which stifled German education and led to a rapid expansion of Polish education. In practice, German education was limited to religious education in the Bielski Syjon (Bielitzer Zion) district. Numerous restrictions along with the spread of fascist ideology led to the complete radicalisation of the German community, thus giving the impression that Evangelical education equals German education. Unfortunately, the stigmatisation of Evangelical education and evangelicals themselves as Germans led to persecutions and alienation attempts after the war. The fate of the Catholic school run by the School Sisters of Notre Dame was similar. The accusations of collaboration with Nazi Germany during the occupation and the postwar state policy towards the Catholic Church made the sisters cease their education agenda. Despite difficulties, religious education in Bielsko-Biała recovered quickly after the 1989 political transformation. Today, it is experiencing its renaissance. Schools run by various religious denominations, often scoring high in education rankings, are very popular among both students and parents.
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