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Przegląd wewnętrznych i regionalnych wyzwań stojących przed integralnością Libanu

100%
Moradi S., Wilczyński P. L.
Historia i Polityka
|
2012
|
issue 8(15)
62-75
EN
Amongst the states were formed after the collapse of Ottoman Empire, Lebanon was a totally diff erent case. This region and its Christian and non-Sunni Muslim residents, was shelter for social, intellectual and even somewhat political independence inside the Ottoman Empire for a long time. After the country’s independence, this demographic mixture with a slight Maronite Christian prominence has always been cause for rivalry, struggle, unrest and even civil war. This situation has even been intensified by regional and international agent’s interventions. In fact, Lebanon is a contrasting scene of local, regional and international policies and tendencies. According to this, religious-sectarian schism in domestic aspect and Israel’s interventions in regional aspect are the most important challenges ahead for Lebanon’s integrity. In this paper, by using librarian method and analyzing available sources and studying the sequence of events, we have tried to consider this and ultimately, Lebanon’s future endurance as an independent political existence. By considering the political history of Lebanon, it seems that religious-sectarian schism and Israel’s interventions are the most important challenges ahead for this country’s integrity. However Lebanon will maintain its political independence in the future.
2
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Konflikty w rodzinie i propozycje ich rozwiązywania

63%
Frączek Z.
Kultura – Przemiany – Edukacja
|
2018
|
vol. 6
141-154
PL
W życiu doświadczamy wielu konfliktów, są to zarówno konflikty zewnętrzne, jak i wewnętrzne. Konflikty mogą nas niszczyć, ale i wzmacniać, wiele zależy od tego, jak rozwiązaliśmy zaistniałą sytuację konfliktową. Konstruktywne wyjście z takiej sytuacji rozwija w człowieku dojrzałość i umiejętność pokonywania kolejnych trudności. Uczy rzetelnej oceny siebie, swoich oczekiwań i zrozumienia dla potrzeb partnera oraz kształtuje trwałe relacje międzyludzkie. Dla osiągnięcia tych korzyści niezbędna jest wiedza o istocie konfliktów i ich rozwiązywaniu. W tekście tym podjęto próbę ukazania zjawiska konfliktów w rodzinie, przybliżenia ich przyczyn i możliwości rozwiązywania.
EN
In our lives we experience many conflicts, both internal and external. Conflicts might either destroy or enhance us- it depends on solution chosen to the problem. Constructive solution develops maturity and ability to conquer difficulties. It teaches honest evaluation of ourselves, our expectations and understanding for partner’s needs as well as shapes long- lasting interpersonal relations. To obtain those advantages, knowledge about essence of conflicts and their solving is indispensable. In this text, the author made an attempt to present the phenomenon of conflicts in family, their reasons and solution possibilities.
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