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The article starts by discussing the departure of Polish conservators from the ascertainments of the Charter of Venice, a process favoured by competitions for conservation designs, the principles of accepting completed projects and other factors; subsequently, it considers problems associated with the conservation of historical brick walls and stone architectural detail. A brief presentation of the durability of walls and stones as well as those factors which damage them, together with an examination of fundamental conservation undertakings, such as the removal of stratification, desalination, reinforcement, filling gaps, and treatment with water repellents. The article focuses on the binding principles of conservation, drawing particular attention to the encountered irregularities.
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The article discusses the causes o f the damage and heretofore methods o f the conservation o f brick walls and red ceramic; it presents m ethods universally used in conservation and in the Institute for the Conservation o f Architectonic Elements and Details. The authors examine the structural reinforcement o f ceramic, the supplementation o f gaps, and the reconstruction o f the objects, as well as problems connected with the socalled binding of walls (the filling o f gaps in the mortar). It has be found that the method o f exchanging damaged bricks for new ones can be replaced by suitable conservation operations, which structurally reinforce the bricks, supplement the existing gaps by means o f brick-alike mortars whose physical and mechanical properties resemble brick, and the application o f suitable mortar (also with similar properties) for the purposes o f binding the walls. The article contains the programme o f research conducted by the staff o f the Institute for the Conservation of Architectonic Elements and Details, made possible by a grant funded by the Committee for Scientific Research ( 1993— 1995).
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