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EN
A comparative analysis of the frost penetration of the wooden walls of the historical church in Dębno Podhalańskie in 1995-1999. Most of the time, the larch timber used for building the 500 years-old church remained in dry conditions. The results of the measurement of the course, duration and range of the affected spheres were based on hourly measurements of the temperature and relative humidity of the air outside and inside the church. The obtained data demonstrated that from the autumn to the spring the outer layer of the wall (45-66 times) and the entire thickness of the wall (43-64 times) froze most frequently. The impact of cyclical freezing and defreezing upon the durability of the walls of a wooden construction proved slight.
EN
On 20-23 April 2009, the locality of Tocnik (40 kms from Prague, the Czech Republic) played host to workshops held as part of the ”Roofs of Europe II” programme, attended by representatives of Belgium, France, Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland. The prime theme of the workshops was widely comprehended research and documentation connected with historical roof constructions and coverings. For years, our colleagues from the Czech Republic have been promoting traditional artisan methods for repairing wooden constructions and have tried to popularise their knowledge. The best proof is the conservation of numerous historical buildings, where damaged places have been repaired by using traditional methods; other evidence are numerous professional publications, training and studies. Extremely interesting experiences included making a working replica of a mediaeval treadmill crane upon the basis of historical sources (including illustrations from the Wenceslas Bible from 1390-1400), used for, i.a. repairing a roof over part of the mediaeval castle in Tocnik. In the course of a study trip the workshop participants enjoyed an opportunity to examine the crane’s practical application.
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Abstract: The article presents the history of archaeological research in the post-war Myślibórz. Until 1999, it was led by researchers from Gorzów Wielkopolski and Szczecin, and since 2000 employees of the Museum of Myślibórz Lake District. Mostly it concerns the Old Town area and is associated with the beginnings of urban settlements to Post-medieval period. In addition, the archaeological research was carried out on the early medieval stronghold.
EN
In the 1860s unidentified wooden structures were observed around the peninsula called ‘Heron’s Neck’, which were relics of an alleged stilt village built on both sides of the peninsula and the supposed remains of the bridge crossing from the peninsula to the former island. Both the relics of old structures and the former island (site 17) should be considered in the context of the early medieval settlement complex in Dobra, located on a nearby peninsula. In 2017 on the initiative of the Institute of Archaeology of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, archaeological research was carried out in Bienice at site 17. The field research was undertaken as part of the NPRH project „ A man on the border…” The site in Bienice has not yet been entered in the conservation register. During the conducted research, both stratigraphic levels and source material from the early Middle Ages were documented. The movable materials included sherds of partially slow wheel-thrown pottery (28 fragments of vessels) with simple shapes and rims referring to vessels of type C/Feldberg or D/Menkendorf and sherds of fully slow wheel-thrown vessels (5 fragments of vessels). The potter analysed can be dated at least to the 10th century. The island in Bienice is a little hill, which in the early Middle Ages was probably a point distinguished from the neighbourhood, surrounded by forest and lake waters. A wooden bridge led to it from the peninsula, the relics of which have not been preserved to this day. The Island, located in a hidden and inaccessible place for the local community, could be a retreat of mythical and sacred significance.
PL
Celem opracowania jest zwrócenie uwagi na problematykę wykorzystywania odkrywanych na nowo materiałów budowlanych takich jak drewno, beton konopny, słoma, glina czy tynki naturalne w nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach architektonicznych dla niskiej zabudowy jednorodzinnej. Artykuł badawczy ze względu na szeroki zakres przedmiotu badań został zawężony do próby wskazania tendencji w projektowaniu ekologicznych domów jednorodzinnych oraz przedstawienia możliwych technik zastosowania materiałów naturalnych. Wyniki analizy pozwalają na wyciągnięcie możliwych do uogólnienia wniosków dotyczących zastosowania ekologii w nowoczesnym projektowaniu architektonicznym. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na kwestie potencjału rozwoju analizowanych technik.
EN
The aim of the study is to pay attention to the issue of using discovered again building materials such as wood, hempcrete, straw, clay or natural plaster in modern architectural solutions for low single-family housing. The inquiring article, due to the wide scope of the research subject, was narrowed to an attempt to indicate trends in the design of ecological single-family houses and to present possible techniques for the use of natural materials. The results of the analysis allow to conclude possible generalizations about the application of ecology in modern architectural design. Particular attention was paid to the development potential of the analyzed techniques.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the experiences gathered during the Polish-Japanese architectural workshop carried out at the Master of Architecture studies at the Faculty of Architecture and Fine Arts of the Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University with the participation of Kengo Kuma’s office from Tokyo. The creative use of carpentry joints characteristic of the traditional construction of Podhale and Orawa was the topic of the workshop. Its result in the form of the spatial installation called Chmura – The Cloud and the presentation of student works were shown at the exhibition „Kengo Kuma. Experiment. Material. Architecture” at the Manggha Museum of Japanese Art and Technology, which was opened on December 15, 2021. The challenges related to limiting the mobility of the workshop participants and the need to conduct the main part of the workshop in the online form were analyzed from two perspectives: the experiences of the workshop leaders and the conclusions gathered from the analysis of the latest literature on teaching architectural design during a pandemic. These considerations lead to the conclusion that direct, personal contact is still the most effective and satisfying way of teaching architectural design.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza doświadczeń zgromadzonych podczas polsko-japońskich warsztatów architektonicznych zrealizowanych na studiach Master of Architecture prowadzonych na Wydziale Architektury i Sztuk Pięknych Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego z udziałem biura Kengo Kumy z Tokio. Tematem warsztatów było twórcze wykorzystanie złącz ciesielskich charakterystycznych dla tradycyjnego budownictwa Podhala i Orawy. Ich rezultaty w formie instalacji przestrzennej Chmura – The Cloud oraz prezentacji prac studenckich zostały pokazane na wystawie „Kengo Kuma. Eksperyment. Materiał. Architektura” w Muzeum Sztuki i Techniki Japońskiej Manggha, która została otwarta 15 grudnia 2021 r. Wyzwania związane z ograniczeniem mobilności uczestników i koniecznością przeprowadzenia zasadniczej części warsztatów w formie zdalnej zostały przeanalizowane z dwóch perspektyw: doświadczeń osób prowadzących warsztaty i wniosków zebranych z analizy najnowszej literatury dotyczącej nauczania projektowania architektonicznego w czasie pandemii. Rozważania te prowadzą do wniosku, że bezpośredni, osobisty kontakt jest nadal najbardziej efektywnym i satysfakcjonującym sposobem nauczania projektowania architektonicznego.
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