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K současným kontrastivním přístupům v české a francouzské lingvistice: od synchronního srovnávání jazyků k interkulturní pragmatice

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Srpová M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2013
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vol. 95
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issue 2
169-180
EN
In December 2011 the French Linguistic Association (Association des Sciences du Langage, www. assoc‑asl. net/) organized a conference at the René Descartes — Paris 5 University entitled Linguistics in Europe. One of the panels was devoted to European contrastive linguistics. The following text offers an outline of some of the data presented in the introductory paper on this topic. The first part contains a remark on the concept contrastive. The second part presents certain contrastive approaches in French and Czech linguistics.
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Nominální anafora a determinace — kontrastivní analýza francouzských a českých systémových možností

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Pešek O.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2014
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vol. 96
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issue 2
147-164
EN
This study deals with the issue of nominal anaphora in Czech and in French. Applying the contrastive perspective, we analyze the distribution of determiners within the different types of anaphora. The goal is to highlight the semantic specificities of determiners (identifiers) as they manifest themselves in the anaphoric relations. The results show the structural differences which exist between the two compared languages.
3
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Není korpus jako korpus: Korpusy v kontrastivní lingvistice a translatologii

84%
Chlumská L.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2014
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vol. 96
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issue 2
221-232
EN
This paper discusses the use of corpora in contrastive linguistics and translation studies. It focuses on terminological issues (how they are referred to in different disciplines and linguistic traditions) as well as on their function in specific contrastive or translation research. It introduces an up-todate typology of multilingual corpora, including parallel, comparable and reciprocal corpora and summarizes the pros and cons of these corpora in corpus-based contrastive linguistics and corpusbased translation studies. One section of the paper also explains the differences of the use of the term corpus-based in different disciplines.
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K metodologii využití paralelních korpusů v kontrastivní lingvistice:

84%
Martinková M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2014
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vol. 97
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issue 4-5
270-285
EN
In the last twenty years, contrastive linguistic research has benefited greatly from the introduction of parallel corpora; the valuable “bilingual output” supplied by translations “provides a basis of comparison, or at least justifies the assumption of comparability” (Gast, forthcoming, p. 8). This paper subjects the methodology of using parallel corpora for contrastive linguistic research to a critical analysis.
5
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Kontrastivní lingvistika a paralelní korpusy

84%
Dušková L.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2017
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vol. 99
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issue 2
193-213
EN
The article presents a brief survey of English-Czech contrastive studies based on original texts and their translations from the beginnings in the mid-fifties of the last century to the present. Until the first decade of the present century, excerption was done manually, which limited the research to a small number of samples. The early studies of English largely concentrated on sentence condensation and nominal tendencies in the expression of the predicate, as compared with the verbal character of Czech. In connection with the development of the theory of functional sentence perspective other topics were found in this sphere, especially as regards word order. While the former studies can be currently pursued on the basis of InterCorp at a qualitatively higher level, research into FSP topics remains restricted to issues involving variables with formalizable realization forms. The main part of the paper focuses on some of the fallacies involved in using translation counterparts as the basis of contrastive research. One of them is the possible influence of the original; others appear in such areas as the choice of translation counterparts with respect to the issue under investigation, the assessment of their adequacy, including the possibility of misrepresentation by the translator, the validity of the translation counterpart (which is in most cases limited, as alternatives are possible) and others. In studies of functional sentence perspective a point to be considered is equivocal interpretation of the FSP structure in the original. These points are illustrated by translation counterparts in two translations of the same novel.
6
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K tzv. sémantické typologii jazyků: Co česká slovesa pohybu mohou vypovídat o angličtině a španělštině

84%
Martinková M.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 2
37-53
EN
The paper is a corpus-based study of verbal encoding of Motion events in the cognitive semantics framework. First, it introduces Talmy’s semantic typology, based on the way languages code the key component of the Motion event, namely Path (Verb-framed languages encode it on the verbal root, Satellite-framed language outside of it). It then provides an overview of the experimental and typological research, which Talmy inspired, and an overall critical assessment of Talmy’s proposal. This is followed by a pilot study of Motion event encoding in Czech (which has not appeared in the typological studies so far). Relying on what Chestermann (2003, s. 318) calls T-universals, namely quantitative deviations from the target language norm (Altenberg a Granger, 2002, s. 40), I compare Czech (Satellite-framed) translations of English (Satellite-framed) and Spanish (Verb-framed) fiction texts in their ways of expressing boundary-crossing events. The analysis confirms the typological difference between English and Spanish by revealing a wider range of verbal lemmata with the Path prefix v(e)- [in] in the subcorpus of translations from English, but approximately the same number of the verb tokens is found in both subcorpora; this is due to a small number of high freqency low-manner verbs (coding “motion on foot”) in the translations from Spanish. A future comparison with non-translated Czech data might reveal intratypological differences (in the sense of Hijazo-Gascón a Ibarretxe-Antuñano, 2013), namely between English and Czech.
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Komunikační funkce věty a modalita v Česko-německé srovnávací gramatice Františka Štíchy

67%
Šemelík M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2017
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vol. 99
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issue 1
113-127
EN
This grammaticographic study deals with the communicative function of sentences and modality from a Czech-German contrastive perspective. The object under scrutiny is František Štícha’s CzechGerman Contrastive Grammar (2nd edition, 2015), one of the milestones of Czech-German contrastive linguistic analysis. The study focuses mainly on greeting formulas, modi, modal verbs, modal words and modal particles. It adresses the question as to how deficiences identified in the description of these phenomena in Czech-German Contrastive Grammar could be remedied. Crucially, special attention is devoted to the user aspect.
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