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6
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Kultura dwudziestolecia

63%
PL
Niniejsze zagadnienie może stanowić doskonały przedmiot kilkudniowych obrad i sympozjów. Implikuje ono bowiem bardzo obszerną i wielowymiarową problematykę, nie tylko filozoficzną. Trudno zatem w kilku słowach przybliżyć i scharakteryzować naszą kulturę i cywilizację, zwłaszcza w jej relacji do godności osoby ludzkiej i jej epistemologicznego wymiaru bytowania. Z konieczności zostanie ono zacieśnione do kontekstu kulturotwórczego, związanego z refleksją filozoficzną, która, będąc racjonalnym namysłem nad zastaną przez człowieka rzeczywistością, rości sobie niejednokrotnie prawo do kreatywizmu epistemologicznego, a przynajmniej aksjologicznego. Znane i rozumiane są znaczenia pojęć: „filozofi a” i „kultura”. Terminem szerszym znaczeniowo jest pojęcie „kultury”, która dotyczy wszelkiej duchowej, racjonalnej i materialnej twórczości ludzkiej. Twórczość ludzka wypływa jednak z pewnych inspiracji aksjomatycznych obecnych w systemie poznawania i oceniania świata. Wizja filozoficzna, ale i religijna, jest tu więc nieodzowna. Albowiem nie tylko refleksja filozoficzna wpływa na obraz kultury i kształtowania się całej cywilizacji. Swoje poczesne miejsce ma także nauka, której rozwój w dużej mierze odpowiada podstawowym tendencjom filozoficznym i kulturowym.
PL
kronika kontaktów kulturalnych polsko - iberoamerykańskich
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę teoretyczną metodologicznego podejścia do wszechstronnego rozwoju osobowości jako podstawy do tworzenia kultury psychologicznej w sytuacjach kryzysowych. W oparciu o obrane podejście metodologiczne uzasadniona została celowość postrzegania złożoności ludzkich problemów oraz ich badania nie tylko z perspektywy selektywnego aspektu psychiki ludzkiej, ale przede wszystkim w kontekście kultury osobowości człowieka.
EN
In the article the theoretical analysis methodological approaches to comprehensive development of personality as a basis for the formation of psychological culture in crisis. Substantiates the idea of the complexity of human problems, that is the basis of a methodological approach to the study of not only the psyche, but also the individual and his culture.
EN
A need for developing entrepreneurial attitudes in education has been discussed in the literature and pedagogical discourse for a long time already. This issue play a key role in the economy, education, psychology or pedagogy field. There were many expectations when “business studies” subject was introduced into post- secondary schools hoping that this initiative would help to raise economic awareness of young people who are starting their adult life. Many also believed that it would change the market perception and offer opportunities for those who want to get engaged in the market game in order to improve their standard of life. Teachers are those who are mainly responsible for teaching content of the business studies classes and the way they are arranged. The classes are interesting and creative especially that part of it is transferred over to different financial and administration institutions or bank, which is not always approved by schools authorities. On the other hand there is no financial resources to invite experts from outside. However, a part of the educational material is too much focused on psychological determinants of an entrepreneur or they are too general with regards to honesty and ethics issues when making decisions. The author believes that case studies would be more attractive when students could have an opportunity to discuss interesting cases, exchange their views using reasonable arguments. It could be also a good idea to present and discuss biographies of those who became successful, to analyse decisions they made in certain market and economic conditions at the time they were starting their own business undertakings. The entrepreneurial attitude does not necessarily mean focusing only on maximizing the profits but it can also take into account a fiduciary concept like it is the case in classical theories of social responsibility of business. It is additionally a good starting point for creating dialogue relationships first at the level of educational institutions and later at the level of market dependencies. The author in this paper tries to answer if entrepreneurship can make up a space to establish deeper dialogue relationship. The entrepreneurship is – in the author`s opinion – a good example of building relations between people based on ethical sources. It`s very important for the relationship to concentrate on sincere and in-depth interest in the other man. An authentic meeting of the other man should be ingrained in the truth and genuine experience between two people. It is not only a postulate but also a possibility or a requirement of the present time.
EN
Nietzsche’s work came from a fascination with Greek culture, and despite its many philosophicaltransformations, this culture remained very important to him. Heraclitus was oneof the philosophers, who was invariably admired by Nietzsche in terms of both style and content. The most important thesis of Nietzsche’s work focused around a few sentences of Heraclitean philosophy. Greek culture fascinated the German philosopher, not only by the ability of the continuous myths’ creation but first of all many versions of them, which allowed it to avoid the trap of the only truth. According to Nietzsche, the Greek ideal of human civilisation manifested itself in its creativity and inexhaustible power of creation. Therefore, the censorious impulses of Socrates and Plato in relation to the poets as thecreators of the myths were recognised by him, not as the features of the Classical Period of Greek philosophy, but as the beginning of the end of their civilisation. Plato’s philosophy which recignised the only one (his own) truth is regarded by Nietzsche as a mummification of Greek culture, and assessed it as pure nihilism. Nietzsche’s evaluation of truth and lies on the basis of Greek culture, in comparison with the ancient texts, allows one more to verify from a different perspective the veracity of his philosophy.
16
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Wiara w świecie niewiary

51%
PL
Artykuł ma na celu ukazać, iż z pomocą interpretacji antropologicznej istnieje możliwość lepszego zrozumienia przekazu następujących fragmentów Nowego Testamentu: Łk 10, 10-11, Łk 21, 20-21 oraz Ap 18,4. Symboliczna egzegeza powyższych wersów daje pewne wskazówki dotyczące postawy chrześcijańskiej w trzech okolicznościach. Pierwsze dotyczą masowego indyferentyzmu religijnego, a drugie odrzucenia prawdy chrześcijańskiej. Trzecia trudna sytuacja wynika z rosnącego rozdźwięku między współczesną kulturą a chrześcijaństwem, kiedy to dominującą rolę zdobywają treści całkowicie sprzeczne z chrześcijaństwem.
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51%
EN
Ibero American culture throughout the world
PL
Enriching the knowledge on culture seems to be a logical consequence of the development of intercultural communication competence. The aim of this article is to evaluate cultural content embedded in selected textbooks used in foreign language courses. The textbooks were analysed by means of a questionnaire based on Hofstede model and CEF guidelines.
PL
Culture has been the subject of researchers’ consideration for centuries, which is confirmed by hundreds of published definitions of the word culture. Even a perfunctory analysis of those definitions indicates that it is difficult to talk about culture using it as a consistent concept. The aim of this article is therefore to highlight the richness of meaning of the word culture by presenting and discussing the characteristics of culture which appear most frequently in definitions developed by social psychologists, cultural anthropologists, social pedagogues, foreign language acquisition researchers, and students of German philology. The final part of this articlepresents those features of culture which allow to place this concept correctly in the process of foreign language teaching and learning.
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