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EN
The paper provides an analysis of eight well-known chengyu (成语) idioms used in modern Chinese, which originate from the Warring States Period (475–221 BC) compilation of historical anecdotes Zhanguo ce (战国策). The chosen chengyus all derive from ‘allegoric narrations’ (yuyan, 寓言), a particular mode of discourse widely used in pre-Qin (pre 221 BC) political and philosophical writings. The author identifi es yuyan as a tool of persuasion, rather than a separate literary genre, and draws certain parallels between Chinese yuyan, European fables and New Testament parables. The paper explores original historical context, and actual effect of each of the Chinese yuyan used by diplomats and strategists, as recorded in the Zhanguo ce. The source text and the modern chengyus are juxtaposed to show continuity and change in the meaning and connotation of idiomatic expressions found in Modern Chinese which can be traced to pre-Qin period.
EN
In 1924, in Mödling near Vienna, Augustyn Zmarzły was ordained a priest as a member of Society of the Divine Word. That same year, he went as a missionary to China where he worked for 25 years. During this time, he wrote many articles that were published in many magazines mainly in Poland, in Germany, and the United States. These articles focused on a wide range of issues, from Chinese history, customs, and culture, to ethnographic research. In the pages of the magazine “Nasz Misjonarz”, issued by Polish Divine World Missionaries in the interwar period, he published more than 120 letters. In Rev. Zmarzły’s texts he touched on current political events from the Far East.
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PL
W 1924 r. Augustyn Zmarzły otrzymał święcenia kapłańskie w Mödling koło Wiednia jako członek Zgromadzenia Słowa Bożego. Tego roku wyjechał jako misjonarz do Chin, w których pracował przez 25 lat. W czasie swojego pobytu w Państwie Środka napisał wiele artykułów, które publikowano na łamach czasopism wychodzących m.in. w Polsce, a także w Niemczech i Stanach Zjednoczonych. Dotyczyły one szerokiejproblematyki, począwszy od historii Chin, tamtejszych zwyczajów i kultury, po badania etnograficzne. Jedynie na łamach czasopisma „Nasz Misjonarz”, wydawanego przez polskich werbistów w okresie międzywojennym, opublikował ponad 120 listów. W swoich tekstach poruszał bieżące wydarzenia polityczne z Dalekiego Wschodu.
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