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U podnóża Pachołka. Zapomniane cmentarzysko kultury oksywskiej i wielbarskiej w Gdańsku-Oliwie, stan. 4 (dawn. Oliva, Kr. Danziger Höhe)

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Strobin A.

Pomorania Antiqua

2021

vol. Tom XXX

s. 203-242

In 1873, at the foot of Carlsberg hill (currently Góra Pachołek), in the field of a Mr Z ywietz located in the Oliva commune, a cemetery from the younger pre-Roman and Roman period was discovered. The following year, further research was carried out under the supervision of Abraham Lissauer. In total, on an area of approximately 14 ares, 40 cremation graves (21 urn and 19 pit ones) were discovered, the contents of which were handed over by the owner to the Westpreußisches Provinzial-Museum in Gdańsk. Some of the artefacts from the necropolis in Gdańsk-Oliwa were published in two articles by A. Lissauer. The importance of the finds was emphasised by the fact that in the literature on the subject, starting from the second half of the 19th century, until the end of World War II , the name of the necropolis appeared relatively often. The source materials were used for study work by leading researchers of that period. Unfortunately, at the end of the war, the artefacts were lost, and the collection of the Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk now includes two clay vessels. The most information about the artefacts found in Oliwa is provided by the Józef Kostrzewski’s Archive, containing the research notes by the scholar who got acquainted with the items during the museum query in 1912. Based on this, new information was obtained that can be used for further material analyses. Most of the artefacts should be dated to the younger pre-Roman period (phases A2 and A3), and to a lesser extent to the Roman period (phases B1b-B2/C1). Unfortunately, the reconstruction of individual burial assemblages is not possible, because from the very beginning the materials from the cemetery formed a collection of artefacts. Based on the Kostrzewski’s Archive and the publications it was established (see the catalogue) that the most numerous group of artefacts were brooches, in total 16 specimens. Among the nine made of iron, more detailed information is available about seven of them; they represent types K, L, M according to J. Kostrzewski and Almgren 18a. The bronze brooches are represented by types 68, 39, 128 and group V, series 1 according to O. Almgren. The belt elements consisted of four iron and bronze belt hooks and a buckle. In one cremation pit grave there was a pair of snake-headed bracelets. The weaponry is represented by two one-edged swords, as well as iron fittings of the sword scabbard, two or three shield bosses and one shield grip. Determining the number of spearheads discovered in the cemetery in Oliwa is problematic, but it seems that there were nine of them; in addition, one spear butt was found with preserved wood remains. The group of tools included a straight knife dated to the Roman period, as well as three clay spindle whorls. The collection of the Westpreußisches Provinzial-Museum in Gdańsk also included 10 clay vessels of the Oksywie and the Wielbark cultures. It is known that in the Zywietz’s field, apart from the graves of the Oksywie and the Wielbark cultures, burials of the Pomeranian culture were discovered (sites 4 and 5). It indicates that there was a multicultural cemetery at the foot of Góra Pachołek; the youngest archaeological materials, including a temple ring, can be dated to the early Middle Ages. The reminded information about the site of the 19th-century archaeological discoveries at the former Renneberg Street and near Köllner Chaussée, indicate the location of the Zywietz’s field in the immediate vicinity of the initial numbers of current Spacerowa Street, towards Karwieńska Street. The information gathered about the somewhat forgotten cemetery in Gdańsk-Oliwa shows that the site has not been fully explored. The inspection of the place of the alleged location of the site showed that the area was heavily transformed by the access road to the already completed housing investment, and the history of archaeological research on this site has been completed.

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1 Pomorania Antiqua

1 Strobin A.

1 2021

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U podnóża Pachołka. Zapomniane cmentarzysko kultury oksywskiej i wielbarskiej w Gdańsku-Oliwie, stan. 4 (dawn. Oliva, Kr. Danziger Höhe)