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Status of Kurds in Iraq in terms of constitutional law and national identity

100%
Štulajter M.
Journal of Modern Science
|
2018
|
issue 3(38)
267-280
EN
Recently, with regard to the Middle East, Slovak and foreign media have focused on the situation in Syria. However, equally important is political development in Iraqi Kurdistan in which plebiscite in September 2017 showed that almost 90 percent of Kurds request independent Iraqi Kurdistan. According to many indicators and claims by geopolitical analysts, the conflict between Baghdad central government and Iraqi Kurds is growing and will escalate, what will lead to an increase of Iraqi Kurdish struggles to establish a state independent of Iraq. Our study, however, wants to point out to the fact that there are also opposing trends indicating of continual centralization of Iraq and the Kurdistan integration into the Iraqi state. Based on this analysis we criticize the thesis of American geopolitical theorists such as R. Peters the emergence of an independent Kurdistan.
2
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Trans-locality among Kurds – the case of Turkey

58%
Kaczorowski K.
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
|
2020
|
vol. 19
|
issue 2
25-46
PL
Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie trans-lokalnych aspektów społeczeństwa kurdyjskiego, a zwłaszcza więzi trans-lokalnych utrzymywanych przez Kurdów w Turcji, a zwłaszcza w Stambule. Zainspirowany transnarodowymi teoriami w studiach nad migracjami i diasporami, autor proponuje kategoryzację fal migracji kurdyjskich i fal migracji wewnętrznych w Turcji. Na podstawie pogłębionych wywiadów przeprowadzonych z Kurdami w Stambule przedstawiono sposoby utrzymywania więzi przez migrantów z kurdyjskimi regionami tego kraju oraz drogi organizowania się wokół kultury i postrzeganych potrzeb Północnego Kurdystanu. Artykuł oferuje wgląd we współczesną migrację kurdyjską w Turcji, a jednocześnie prowadzi do wniosku, że chociaż trans-lokalność była często wymuszana na Kurdach, sytuacja społeczno-polityczna w latach 2002-2015 doprowadziła do wykształcenia się nowych, trans-lokalnych, zaangażowanych społecznie elit kurdyjskich w Turcji.
EN
The article aims at presenting trans-local aspects of Kurdish society and especially trans-local ties maintained by Kurds in Turkey and particularly in Istanbul. Inspired by transnational theories in migration and diaspora studies, the author proposes a categorization of Kurdish migration waves and waves of internal migration in Turkey. Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted with Kurds in Istanbul, depicted are ways of maintaining ties with the country's Kurdish regions and types of social organizing around their culture and perceived needs. The paper offers an insight into contemporary Kurdish migration in Turkey which leads to the conclusion that although trans-locality has often been forced on Kurds, the socio-political situation in the years 2002-2015 led to the emergence of new, trans-local, socially active Kurdish elite in Turkey.
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