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Možnosti a meze tvorby tzv. optimálních referenčních překladů: po stopách "překladatelštiny" v profesionálních překladech zpravodajských textů

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Kloudová V., Mraček D., Bojar O., Popel M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2023
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vol. 84
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issue 2
122-156
EN
The study explores translation quality by analysing two Czech professional translations of English newspaper articles. The original idea was for a tandem of translators-cum-theoreticians to synthesise the best of the two translations while introducing slight to moderate modifications where necessary, to produce an optimal reference translation, i.e., a translation thought to be the best possible that can be achieved by a team of human translators; optimal reference translations can be used in assessments of excellent machine translations. It soon became apparent, however, that a considerable amount of editing and creativity was needed from the team striving for an optimal reference translation, prompting the present authors to subject the original translations to a detailed assessment. The primary focus is on the formal aspect of the translations and the phenomenon known as ‘translationese’, which is understood here to refer to a lack of sensitivity to target language usage. The problems identified fall into a wide range of categories such as spelling, morphosyntax, grammar, lexicon and word formation. Special attention is paid to source-language interference; having reviewed existing theoretical discussions of interference, the authors drafted a typology which was then expanded to include several other types of errors recurrent in the translations analysed.
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Terminologická a textová kompetence v právním překladu: studie na francouzsko-českém materiálu

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Duběda T., Obdržálková V.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 1
73-91
EN
In the present study, we tackle the problem of quality in legal translation, and reflect on the related translation competences, among which thematic competence (or legal literacy) plays a central role. A sample of 20 translations of a legal text from French into Czech is analysed first with respect to overall quality. Next, we present a more thorough analysis of 40 terminological items. The sample includes translations done by advanced students of translation and practising translators. The overall quality differs significantly between the two groups, but, surprisingly, legal training does not guarantee better overall quality in the group of professionals. However, after categorising the errors (shifts of meaning — terminology — style), it turns out that legal literacy has a positive impact on the ability to interpret and transfer legal meaning, which is a key subcompetence in legal translation. A detailed analysis of selected legal expressions targets the frequency and typology of errors, variability of translation equivalents, and categorisation of meaning shifts. The analysis offers empirically founded insights into translation procedures in the field of law, and brings indirect evidence of the current state of the translation market.
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