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1
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Lęk przed przestępczością w Warszawie w świadomości ludzi starszych i studentów

100%
Goldschneider M.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego im. prof. Stanisława Batawii
|
2008
|
issue 17
7-39
2
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Jak badać lęk przed przestępczością?

45%
Ostaszewski P.
Archiwum Kryminologii
|
2013
|
issue XXXV
5-60
EN
Fear of crime has been researched since late 1960s and is commonly recognized one of the most frequent issue investigated in contemporary criminology. Definition of the fear of crime, its operability by means of particular investigation methods and techniques, and its macro-, meso-, and micro-social conditioning factors are widely discussed in the scientific literature on the subject. This article describes methodological aspects of research on this issue and particular questionnaire questions formulated in such research. The most frequent method used in research on fear of crime is to use particular questionnaire questions asked to respondents on quantitative surveys. There are attempts to use other research methods and techniques such as in-depth and focus interviews or content analysis. Among qualitative research, there are two predominant methods of fear measurement and, what follows, its definition and analysis. The first assumes a single question (e.g. how safe one feels on a lonely evening walk) with closed categories of responses. Choosing a category by the respondent is deemed to be an indicator of fear. The second method assumes that fear of crime is a continuous quantitative variable created by a scale which sums up responses to a series of questions on particular aspects of fear (e.g. fear of various types of crimes). The results obtained by the first method are presented as a percentage of respondents afraid of becoming a victim of crime which percentage is to reflect fear of crime level in a society. A relationship with other variables within to-dimensional analyses (e.g. using cross-tables) and multidimensional (e.g. with the use of logistic regression) are also investigated. Presenting one-dimensional results from the second method of measurement is much less understandable since it relies on an abstract arithmetic mean which is impossible to interpret. At the same time, however, they enable to define the level of fear (and not only the sole fact of its occurrence or lack of occurrence) and to use more precise techniques of two- and multi-dimensional analysis such as comparison of means and linear regression. It is worth to not that precise determination of the number, form and way of asking such questions is subject to constant debate in the literature which has not been decided so far.
3
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Wpływ przestępczości na poczucie bezpieczeństwa

38%
Socha R.
Zeszyty Naukowe Collegium Witelona
|
2022
|
vol. 2
|
issue 43
73-80
EN
The issue of fear of crime was first addressed in the late 1960s in the United States of America in connection with the emergence of anxiety about crime in the society. Due to the fact that the concept of fear of crime involves a greater range of negative associations, suggesting the fact of experiencing emotions, and not a certain way of perceiving reality, the concept of a sense of security was adopted for the purposes of this research. Hence, the aim of this study is to show the interdependencies between the sense of security and crime based on a review of the available literature and research conducted so far. As shown by theoretical research, the sense of security of an individual depends on many factors, both in terms of its increase and decrease, and not exclusively on the levels of crime. This paper constitutes an extension of the theoretical research contained in the publication entitled “Sense of Security and Crime: The Residents' Perspective”.
PL
Pierwsze użycie i zwrócenie uwagi na pojęcie lęku przed przestępczością (fear of crime) miało miejsce w drugiej połowie lat 60. XX wieku w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej w związku z pojawieniem się w społeczeństwie niepokoju dotyczącego przestępczości. Z uwagi że pojęcie lęku przed przestępczością niesie za sobą większy zakres negatywnych skojarzeń, sugerując fakt przeżywania emocji, a nie pewien sposób postrzegania rzeczywistości, na potrzeby prowadzonych badań przyjęto pojęcie poczucie bezpieczeństwa. Stąd też celem opracowania jest próba ukazania wzajemnych zależności pomiędzy poczuciem bezpieczeństwa a przestępczością w oparciu o przegląd literatury oraz dotychczas przeprowadzonych badań naukowych. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań teoretycznych, poczucie bezpieczeństwa jednostki zależy od wielu czynników, zarówno w kontekście jego wzrostu, jak i spadku, a nie jedynie od poziomu przestępczości. Niniejszy artykuł naukowy stanowi rozwinięcie teoretycznych badań zawartych w publikacji Sense of Security and Crime: The Residents’ Perspective.
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Rozmiary i uwarunkowania lęku przed przestępczością

36%
Ostaszewski P.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2012
|
issue XXXIV
157-206
EN
Criminological analyses of fear of crime conducted to date have lead to formulating many various ways of defining this phenomenon and to concepts explaining its intensity and diversity. This article assumes that the most effective definition (by Sandra Walklate) is that fear of crime is partly rational and partly irrational state of anxiety or fear caused by belief that the individual is at risk of becoming a crime victim. Basic hypotheses regarding factors influencing level of fear concern such aspects as: victimization experiences and objective crime risk level; socio-demographic characteristics of individuals and psychological features which define their sensitivity to dangers and risks, features of environment where an individual lives, and in particular manifestations of social disorganization, size of local population, and presence of social ties, mutual trust, common goals and values among local residents; actions of persecution organs and the justice system and their social perception; macro-social factors (such as quality of social security) as well as media reports and politicians’ actions. Multi-dimensional models of fear of crime constructed by researchers integrate these hypotheses into complex system which offer much more explaining power and possibility of presentation of relations between particular variables in question. The conducted research presented in the article aimed to present the level of crime fear perceived in Poland and other European countries as well as to find social, demographic, and macro-social factors conditioning that fear. The research was based on secondary data analysis from several editions of International Victimisation Studies, Polish Crime Study, and last issue of European Social Survey. Analysis of the crime level in Poland revealed there has been a definite, almost twofold, decrease of percentage of persons declaring such fear during the past 20 years. In the beginning of 21st century, Poles perceived above-European average fear of crime. In 2010 it was lower than in most European countries. As a result of conducted two-dimensional analyses, it was established that crucial factors influencing perceived lack of security contributed to the following hypotheses: victimization, sensitivity to risks, disorganization and urbanization and those focusing on the action of prosecution and macro-social characteristics of inhabited locations. Used techniques of classification tree allowed for initial examination of joint influence of particular independent and dependent variables as well as for separation of many interesting groups of respondents regarding frequency of occurrence of fear of crime. Above-average fear of crime was characteristic of women from middle-sized and big cities who had been victims of crime against property and of men who had been victims of crime against property or as-sault and lived in areas where unemployment was below average.
5
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Czy w świadomości Polaków terroryzm stanowi zagrożenie dla polskiego społeczeństwa? Wyniki badań własnych

36%
Guzik-Makaruk E. M.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2011
|
issue XXXIII
227-243
EN
The aim of the publication is to discuss an answer to the question if terrorism is a threat to a Polish society. The discussion is based on own research conducted within “Monitoring, identification and prevention of risks to citizens’ safety” research project realized by University in Białystok with cooperation with Military Academy of Technology in Warsaw. The research employed a computer assisted direct questionnaire interview method. Interviews were performed in the autumn of 2008 on a representative group of Polish citizens over 18. 1042 interviews were performed by interviewers from Pentor Research International, an institution chosen because of its high degree of professionalism and the fact it had conducted many simi-lar surveys of this kind. The research has provided answers to the following questions: if terrorism is one of the threats people in Poland are afraid the most, what the social perception of possibility of terrorism risk is, what information there is on the level of fear of potential victimization with a terrorist crime. Moreover, the following information has been obtained: actual level of victimization with terrorist crime, social evaluation of terrorism prevention by the state, and social acceptance of state intervention into privacy of citizens to eliminate risk of terrorism. The method used a rarely employed victimization survey (direct victimization experience) and so-called indirect victimization experience which can be extremely useful in attempts to evaluate so-called “dark number”. Naturally, in case of terrorism the phenomenon is so spectacular it is hard to speak of “dark number” of victims. Still, the questionnaire included 50 different risks and did not exclude terrorism since adult Polish citizens and their families could have been harmed by terrorism while abroad. The study has found that terrorism occurs in social awareness only extremely rarely and is perceived as a remote risk. Merely 2 percent of respondents declared that their greatest fear was terrorism. Terrorist attacks are hardly present in Polish social awareness and they appear only if such possibility is prompted by an interviewer. Women living in the capital of Poland appeared the most numerous group to fear a terrorist attack. Polish society is convinced that terrorism threat is not a real problem. Similarly, it is rarely perceived as a risk to personal security. None of the respondents in the group has experienced a hostage taking, only 1 percent responded that their family member has experienced a hostage taking, terrorist attack or bomb explosion. Social perception of state prevention of terrorism is rather satisfactory. It is worth to note that there is a high level of acceptance of state actions to eliminate the risk of terrorism. Every fourth respondent declared acceptance of state intervention into his privacy in case of terrorism threat.
6
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Challenging integration and police presence: determinants of subjective safety for persons with a turkish migration background

32%
Decker C., Kersten J., Kunz N.
Archiwum Kryminologii
|
2014
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issue XXXVI
325-340
EN
Feeling safe and secure is a core need of human beings. As belonging to an ethnic minority can be associated with decreased subjective security, the question as to whether integration and police presence can positively contribute to the subjective security of persons with a Turkish migration background (TMB) naturally arises. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of 17 interviews with persons with a TMB showed that most felt very safe in Germany. Although police presence positively correlated with subjective security in the quantitative analysis, integration into the family and the neighbourhood was the main explanation for the high degree of subjective security in the qualitative analysis. Practical recommendations based on these findings are given, as are the implications for future security research.
7
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International Crime Victim Survey ‘04/05: Polska na tle wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej

27%
Siemaszko A.
Archiwum Kryminologii
|
2008
|
issue XXIX-XXX
169-192
8
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Wpływ instytucji typu zamkniętego na funkcjonowanie społeczności lokalnej. Analiza na przykładzie Gostynina i Sztumu

23%
Sidor P.
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
|
2020
|
issue 27
63-92
EN
The subject of this article is the impact of closed institutions – the National Center for Prevention ofDissocial Behavior and the Penitentiary – on the functioning of the inhabitants of Gostynin and Sztum in terms of city development, fnances, opinions about the town and sense of security. The article contains a theoretical elaboration of the legal basis for the functioning of KOZZD and the controversies that arise around it, an analysis of media reports about the examined institutions, as well as the methodological basis and results of the research.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest wpływ instytucji zamkniętych – Krajowego Ośrodka Zapobiegania Zachowaniom Dyssocjalnym w Gostyninie i Zakładu Karnego w Sztumie – na rozwój miast, fnansów lokalnych, opinii o miejscowości i poczucia bezpieczeństwa mieszkańców. Artykuł zawiera teoretyczne opracowanie podstaw prawnych funkcjonowania KOZZD oraz pojawiających się wokół niego kontrowersji, analizę doniesień medialnych na temat badanych instytucji, a także metodologiczne podstawy i wyniki przeprowadzonych badań. The subject of this article is the impact of closed institutions – the National Center for Prevention of Dissocial Behavior and the Penitentiary – on the functioning of the inhabitants of Gostynin and Sztum in terms of city development, fnances, opinions about the town and sense of security. The article contains a theoretical elaboration of the legal basis for the functioning of KOZZD and the controversies that arise around it, an analysis of media reports about the examined institutions, as well as the methodological basis and results of the research.
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